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 250 listing(s) found for sensors
 Stanford University 3-D Multi-Layer Microstructure Fabrication of Materials
  Having the capability of controlled three-dimensional interconnected spatial distribution of micron-sized features with high aspect ratios is increasingly important in building tissue scaffolds for cells and realizing controlled release mechanisms of drug delivery systems or micro-fluidic devices.Researchers at Stanford have developed a process for fabrication of three-dimensional interconnected c...
 University of California, Irvine A Broadband Amplifier with Huge Gain-bandwidth Product and Low Power Consumption
  University researchers have developed a design method by combining three-stage amplifier design to achieve a broadband amplifier with desirable gain, large bandwidth, low power consumption, low input/output reflection coefficients, low loss, and good reliability. Without a distributed amplifier, the invented broadband amplifier bandwidth of 1/2 of fT and/or approaching to fT can be achieved. There...
 University of California, Irvine A High-Output Random Number Generator Based On Spontaneous Alpha-Decay
  This invention addresses the differences between an algorithmic random number generator (RNG) versus a physical RNG. The common problem with all algorithmic RNG’s is that their digital output is in fact far from random, no matter how sophisticated the underlying mathematical algorithm is. There exist severe fundamental restrictions on what can be done with this approach. The pro...
 University of California, Irvine A High-Output Random Number Generator based on Spontaneous Nuclear Decay
  This invention relates to a physical random number generator based on spontaneous nuclear decay. The novel design: (i) eliminates the need for a pure monoenergetic source of alpha-particles; (ii) accounts for every single decay event without any special precautions; (iii) is 100% external and internal noise and interference-proof; (iv) can be build with readily available, off-the-shelf components;...
 Stanford University A Live Cell Fluorescent Mitosis Biosensor
  Professor Tobias Meyer, Joshua Jones, and Angie Hahn at Stanford have developed the first live cell biosensor-based fluorescent imaging strategy to quantitatively analyze the timing of the cell cycle phases, M, G1, S, and G2. The cell cycle is a tightly regulated cellular process and failure at critical checkpoints within often results in genetic instability and eventually, cancer. In high content...
 Stanford University A Method and Apparatus for Performing Adaptive or Tunable Multi-Spectral Imaging
  This invention introduces a method and system to detect a predefined object-of-interest irrespective of illumination by compensating for the unwanted effects of the ambient light. This novel method provides an adaptive imager, which reports only the required data versus existing methods that provide highly redundant information, rely on post-processing for detection of the object-of-interest and t...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Process for Biomolecule Patterning
  Patterning of biomolecules is important in areas like biological analysis, diagnostics and genomics. In addition, molecular patterning could be useful for spatial control of various surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface charge.Currently, molecules are patterned using lithography, stamping, or using scanning tips. Lithography requires either specially synthesized light-sensitive mol...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Process for Biomolecule Patterning
  Patterning of biomolecules is important in areas like biological analysis, diagnostics and genomics. In addition, molecular patterning could be useful for spatial control of various surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface charge.Currently, molecules are patterned using lithography, stamping, or using scanning tips. Lithography requires either specially synthesized light-sensitive mol...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Process for Biomolecule Patterning
  Patterning of biomolecules is important in areas like biological analysis, diagnostics and genomics. In addition, molecular patterning could be useful for spatial control of various surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface charge.Currently, molecules are patterned using lithography, stamping, or using scanning tips. Lithography requires either specially synthesized light-sensitive mol...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Process for Biomolecule Patterning
  Patterning of biomolecules is important in areas like biological analysis, diagnostics and genomics. In addition, molecular patterning could be useful for spatial control of various surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface charge.Currently, molecules are patterned using lithography, stamping, or using scanning tips. Lithography requires either specially synthesized light-sensitive mol...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Process for Biomolecule Patterning
  Patterning of biomolecules is important in areas like biological analysis, diagnostics and genomics. In addition, molecular patterning could be useful for spatial control of various surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface charge.Currently, molecules are patterned using lithography, stamping, or using scanning tips. Lithography requires either specially synthesized light-sensitive mol...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Process for Biomolecule Patterning
  Patterning of biomolecules is important in areas like biological analysis, diagnostics and genomics. In addition, molecular patterning could be useful for spatial control of various surface properties such as hydrophobicity and surface charge.Currently, molecules are patterned using lithography, stamping, or using scanning tips. Lithography requires either specially synthesized light-sensitive mol...
 University of California, Irvine A Technique to Make Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
  The present invention includes: 1) the use of carbon nanotubes as electrodes for dielectrophoretic trapping, 2) dielectrophoresis assisted assembly of nano-cuicuit made of macromolecules, and 3) electronically assisted chemical reaction for biological applications. More particularly, the present invention provides a specific dielectrophoresis system using carbon nanotubes as electrodes to pave the...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensors with substantially planarized color filtering elements
  A semiconductor imaging system preferably having an active pixel sensor array compatible with a CMOS fabrication process. Color-filtering elements such as polymer filters and wavelength-converting phosphors can be integrated with the image sensor....
 Stanford University Adaptive Pixel for High Dynamic Range and Disturbance Detection and Correction
  The invention describes a focal-plane array architecture for imaging very wide dynamic range scenes and the detection of sudden surges of illumination, e.g., due to pulsed laser. The proposed architecture comprises a per-pixel Analog Front End (AFE), a fine ADC stage, and a Digital Signal Processor/Controller (DSPC) stage. The AFE performs programmable gain amplification (PGA) and disturbance dete...
 Stanford University Addressing CMUT Arrays
  Capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) have recently emerged as a viable alternative to traditional piezoelectric transducers. Conventionally, a CMUT array is fabricated on the front side of a silicon substrate. However, conventional arrangements of the CMUT arrays make inefficient use of the surface area on the front side of the silicon substrate, and require long routing lines to...
 University of California, Berkeley Adjustable Resonance Generator Powered by Environmental Vibration
  As the microelectronics industry continues to reduce the size and power attributes of communication, sensor and mechanical electronics, there is an increasing need to power these devices over their life-span with an inexpensive, no-maintenance, renewable energy source that has compatible fabrication technology. One alternative, vibration energy scavenging is emerging as a viable power source for t...
 University of California, Berkeley Adjustable Resonance Generator Powered by Environmental Vibration
  As the microelectronics industry continues to reduce the size and power attributes of communication, sensor and mechanical electronics, there is an increasing need to power these devices over their life-span with an inexpensive, no-maintenance, renewable energy source that has compatible fabrication technology. One alternative, vibration energy scavenging is emerging as a viable power source for t...
 University of California, Berkeley Adjustable Resonance Generator Powered by Environmental Vibration
  As the microelectronics industry continues to reduce the size and power attributes of communication, sensor and mechanical electronics, there is an increasing need to power these devices over their life-span with an inexpensive, no-maintenance, renewable energy source that has compatible fabrication technology. One alternative, vibration energy scavenging is emerging as a viable power source for t...
 University of California, Berkeley Adjustable Resonance Generator Powered by Environmental Vibration
  As the microelectronics industry continues to reduce the size and power attributes of communication, sensor and mechanical electronics, there is an increasing need to power these devices over their life-span with an inexpensive, no-maintenance, renewable energy source that has compatible fabrication technology. One alternative, vibration energy scavenging is emerging as a viable power source for t...
 Stanford University Alkyl Monolayers Synthesized with Free Radical Chemistry Covalently Bonded to Silicon
  This patented technology allows covalent bonding of a molecular layer of a selected molecular moiety to a silicon surface. The silicon surface is first etched to form a hydrogenated silicon surface. The surface is then combined with a free radical-producing compound to produce the selected molecular moiety. Lastly, the combined silicon surface and the free radical-producing compound are heated to ...
 University of Southern California All-Optical Remote Location of High PMD Fiber Spans
  This technology is an all-optical technique for remotely determining the location and magnitude of high polarization mode dispersion (PMD) fiber spans using stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). SBS has been used as an all-optical sensor for environmental disturbances (i.e. temperature, strain and stress) in optical fibers. Since PMD is closely related to these changes, SBS can be used to monitor...
 University of California, Berkeley An Inexpensive and Highly Sensitive, Micromachined Pressure Sensor Device
  Micromachined pressure sensors are important for biomedical, automotive, and lab-on-a-chip applications. Most sensors are based either on capacitance changes across a Si cavity or resistance changes in piezoresistive materials as a response to applied pressure.Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new type of pressure sensor based on a new mechanical design. The se...
 University of California, Berkeley An Inexpensive and Highly Sensitive, Micromachined Pressure Sensor Device
  Micromachined pressure sensors are important for biomedical, automotive, and lab-on-a-chip applications. Most sensors are based either on capacitance changes across a Si cavity or resistance changes in piezoresistive materials as a response to applied pressure.Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new type of pressure sensor based on a new mechanical design. The se...
 University of California, Berkeley An Inexpensive and Highly Sensitive, Micromachined Pressure Sensor Device
  Micromachined pressure sensors are important for biomedical, automotive, and lab-on-a-chip applications. Most sensors are based either on capacitance changes across a Si cavity or resistance changes in piezoresistive materials as a response to applied pressure.Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new type of pressure sensor based on a new mechanical design. The se...
 University of California, Berkeley An Inexpensive and Highly Sensitive, Micromachined Pressure Sensor Device
  Micromachined pressure sensors are important for biomedical, automotive, and lab-on-a-chip applications. Most sensors are based either on capacitance changes across a Si cavity or resistance changes in piezoresistive materials as a response to applied pressure.Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new type of pressure sensor based on a new mechanical design. The se...
 University of California, Berkeley An Inexpensive and Highly Sensitive, Micromachined Pressure Sensor Device
  Micromachined pressure sensors are important for biomedical, automotive, and lab-on-a-chip applications. Most sensors are based either on capacitance changes across a Si cavity or resistance changes in piezoresistive materials as a response to applied pressure.Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new type of pressure sensor based on a new mechanical design. The se...
 University of California, Berkeley An Inexpensive and Highly Sensitive, Micromachined Pressure Sensor Device
  Micromachined pressure sensors are important for biomedical, automotive, and lab-on-a-chip applications. Most sensors are based either on capacitance changes across a Si cavity or resistance changes in piezoresistive materials as a response to applied pressure.Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new type of pressure sensor based on a new mechanical design. The se...
 Stanford University An Integrated Bioluminescent Detection System for Biological Applications
  Future biological studies will require very high throughput and integration of different systems. However, current biological assays are highly repetitive, labor intensive and require tiny volume samples prepared. Current detection methods employ CCD (Charged-Coupled Device) - based imaging systems that are bulky, expensive and slow. This novel invention integrates the assay, detection and analysi...
 University of California, Berkeley Analytical Methods and Test Structures for Measuring Properties of Micro- and Nano- Scale Systems
  As micro- and nano-scale electromechanical systems become commercially established, the widespread success of these products will be hindered unless testing methods and standards are developed to measure the properties of these products. Currently, the lack of testing methods and standards makes it difficult for customers to specify their requirements, and manufacturers to specify the properties o...
 University of California, Berkeley Analytical Methods and Test Structures for Measuring Properties of Micro- and Nano- Scale Systems
  As micro- and nano-scale electromechanical systems become commercially established, the widespread success of these products will be hindered unless testing methods and standards are developed to measure the properties of these products. Currently, the lack of testing methods and standards makes it difficult for customers to specify their requirements, and manufacturers to specify the properties o...
 University of California, Berkeley Analytical Methods and Test Structures for Measuring Properties of Micro- and Nano- Scale Systems
  As micro- and nano-scale electromechanical systems become commercially established, the widespread success of these products will be hindered unless testing methods and standards are developed to measure the properties of these products. Currently, the lack of testing methods and standards makes it difficult for customers to specify their requirements, and manufacturers to specify the properties o...
 University of California, Berkeley Analytical Methods and Test Structures for Measuring Properties of Micro- and Nano- Scale Systems
  As micro- and nano-scale electromechanical systems become commercially established, the widespread success of these products will be hindered unless testing methods and standards are developed to measure the properties of these products. Currently, the lack of testing methods and standards makes it difficult for customers to specify their requirements, and manufacturers to specify the properties o...
 University of Southern California Augmented Virtual Environments (AVE) for Visualization and Fusion of Dynamic Imagery and 3D Models
  To provide an accurate and comprehensive picture of events in large areas such as urban neighborhoods, airports, or embassy complexes, a distributed multi-sensor network must be deployed. An operator or analyst is easily overwhelmed with the cognitive task of integrating these multiple sensor data streams into a comprehensive global view and understanding of the scene. Our work focuses on a novel ...
 University of California, Davis AUTOMATED BIOSENSOR FOR MEASUREMENT OF MILK UREA
  In the dairy industry, there is considerable interest in optimizing nutritional input for the highest milk protein to feed cost ratio.In many areas there is also great concern about amounts of nitrogen in dairy waste.Excessive levels of nitrogen in feed cause high concentrations of systemic urea without a corresponding increase in milk protein.Measurement of milk urea nitrogen (MUN) allows the far...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Axial Light-Force Sensor
  Commercially available optical tweezers can move objects using laser light, but they are generally not used to measure forces exerted on those objects, since accurate force calibration is difficult. Research in the field of optical trapping has led to the development of optical tweezers that measure forces (transverse to optic axis) by changes in light-momentum. Force calibration is greatly simpli...
 University of California, Berkeley Batch Fabrication of Devices with Nano Wires and Nano Gaps
  Low cost, high volume batch fabrication of electromechanical resonators can't scale below 10 micrometers using current technology; and non-batch methods for fabricating these devices at the nano-scale are tedious and uneconomical. These non-batch methods require the nano resonators to be fabricated individually because the methods can't control the location of nanowires and the electrodes can't be...
 University of California, Berkeley Batch Fabrication of Devices with Nano Wires and Nano Gaps
  Low cost, high volume batch fabrication of electromechanical resonators can't scale below 10 micrometers using current technology; and non-batch methods for fabricating these devices at the nano-scale are tedious and uneconomical. These non-batch methods require the nano resonators to be fabricated individually because the methods can't control the location of nanowires and the electrodes can't be...
 University of California, Irvine Batch-Fabricated, Micromachined Oven and Hot Plate System
  University researchers have developed a method of design and manufacture of miniature and microscale ovens and hot plates ("micro-ovens") that are compatible with standard batch process, microfabrication techniques. The temperature controlled microsystems may be precision controlled using simple circuitry, and are capable of producing very fast temperature ramp rates. High aspect ratio micromachin...
 Stanford University Bio Application of E-O Pump
  Electroosmotic (EO) pumps drive fluids without moving mechanical parts using applied electric fields. They are capable of generating high pressure and flow. Since they feature no moving mechanical parts, the associated generation of acoustic and electrical noise is eliminated and reliability is improved. Electroosmotic pumps are fabricated with materials and structures that improve performance, ef...
 University of California, Berkeley Biocompatible Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Sensors and Cellular Imaging
  A variety of nanostructures have been developed for use in biomolecular detection. The nanosphere is the most widely used structure because of unique, highly desirable properties that make it a superior detection platform for life science research, in vitro diagnostic testing, and in vivo imaging. Other structures such as nanotips, nanorings, and nanocups have also been demonstrated for use in hig...
 University of California, Berkeley Biocompatible Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Sensors and Cellular Imaging
  A variety of nanostructures have been developed for use in biomolecular detection. The nanosphere is the most widely used structure because of unique, highly desirable properties that make it a superior detection platform for life science research, in vitro diagnostic testing, and in vivo imaging. Other structures such as nanotips, nanorings, and nanocups have also been demonstrated for use in hig...
 University of California, Berkeley Biocompatible Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Sensors and Cellular Imaging
  A variety of nanostructures have been developed for use in biomolecular detection. The nanosphere is the most widely used structure because of unique, highly desirable properties that make it a superior detection platform for life science research, in vitro diagnostic testing, and in vivo imaging. Other structures such as nanotips, nanorings, and nanocups have also been demonstrated for use in hig...
 University of California, Berkeley Biocompatible Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Sensors and Cellular Imaging
  A variety of nanostructures have been developed for use in biomolecular detection. The nanosphere is the most widely used structure because of unique, highly desirable properties that make it a superior detection platform for life science research, in vitro diagnostic testing, and in vivo imaging. Other structures such as nanotips, nanorings, and nanocups have also been demonstrated for use in hig...
 University of California, Berkeley Biocompatible Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Sensors and Cellular Imaging
  A variety of nanostructures have been developed for use in biomolecular detection. The nanosphere is the most widely used structure because of unique, highly desirable properties that make it a superior detection platform for life science research, in vitro diagnostic testing, and in vivo imaging. Other structures such as nanotips, nanorings, and nanocups have also been demonstrated for use in hig...
 University of California, Berkeley Biocompatible Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Sensors and Cellular Imaging
  A variety of nanostructures have been developed for use in biomolecular detection. The nanosphere is the most widely used structure because of unique, highly desirable properties that make it a superior detection platform for life science research, in vitro diagnostic testing, and in vivo imaging. Other structures such as nanotips, nanorings, and nanocups have also been demonstrated for use in hig...
 University of California, Berkeley Biocompatible Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Biomolecular Sensors and Cellular Imaging
  A variety of nanostructures have been developed for use in biomolecular detection. The nanosphere is the most widely used structure because of unique, highly desirable properties that make it a superior detection platform for life science research, in vitro diagnostic testing, and in vivo imaging. Other structures such as nanotips, nanorings, and nanocups have also been demonstrated for use in hig...
 Stanford University Biological Metallic Nanowires
  There has been a growing interest in the field of nano-scale science and technology to efficiently and economically produce molecular sized components for use in new biological and electronics applications. This invention demonstrates the synthesis of metallic nanowires using a biological approach. ...
 University of California, Berkeley Biologically-Inspired Piezoelectric Gyroscope
  Using micromachined gyroscopes to measure angular velocity is becoming increasingly common in applications ranging from ballistics and crash-testing to mobile micro-robotics. Although a variety of MEMS gyroscopes are commercially available, their dynamic range, power requirements and package size are sometimes not well-suited to the applications.To address these problems, researchers at the Univer...
 University of California, Berkeley Biologically-Inspired Piezoelectric Gyroscope
  Using micromachined gyroscopes to measure angular velocity is becoming increasingly common in applications ranging from ballistics and crash-testing to mobile micro-robotics. Although a variety of MEMS gyroscopes are commercially available, their dynamic range, power requirements and package size are sometimes not well-suited to the applications.To address these problems, researchers at the Univer...
 University of California, Berkeley Biologically-Inspired Piezoelectric Gyroscope
  Using micromachined gyroscopes to measure angular velocity is becoming increasingly common in applications ranging from ballistics and crash-testing to mobile micro-robotics. Although a variety of MEMS gyroscopes are commercially available, their dynamic range, power requirements and package size are sometimes not well-suited to the applications.To address these problems, researchers at the Univer...
 University of California, Berkeley Biologically-Inspired Piezoelectric Gyroscope
  Using micromachined gyroscopes to measure angular velocity is becoming increasingly common in applications ranging from ballistics and crash-testing to mobile micro-robotics. Although a variety of MEMS gyroscopes are commercially available, their dynamic range, power requirements and package size are sometimes not well-suited to the applications.To address these problems, researchers at the Univer...
 University of California, Berkeley BioMEMS Immunoassay Platform for In-Field Diagnostics
  The rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical for quick containment and effective treatment. The dominant diagnostics technology, ELISA, is cost-effective for diagnosing diseases in a hospital or doctor's office with a laboratory and trained staff. However, ELISA is not a practical solution for the rapid, precise diagnosis of infectious diseases in-the-field.To address this problem, resea...
 University of California, Berkeley BioMEMS Immunoassay Platform for In-Field Diagnostics
  The rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical for quick containment and effective treatment. The dominant diagnostics technology, ELISA, is cost-effective for diagnosing diseases in a hospital or doctor's office with a laboratory and trained staff. However, ELISA is not a practical solution for the rapid, precise diagnosis of infectious diseases in-the-field.To address this problem, resea...
 University of California, Berkeley BioMEMS Immunoassay Platform for In-Field Diagnostics
  The rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical for quick containment and effective treatment. The dominant diagnostics technology, ELISA, is cost-effective for diagnosing diseases in a hospital or doctor's office with a laboratory and trained staff. However, ELISA is not a practical solution for the rapid, precise diagnosis of infectious diseases in-the-field.To address this problem, resea...
 University of California, Berkeley BioMEMS Immunoassay Platform for In-Field Diagnostics
  The rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical for quick containment and effective treatment. The dominant diagnostics technology, ELISA, is cost-effective for diagnosing diseases in a hospital or doctor's office with a laboratory and trained staff. However, ELISA is not a practical solution for the rapid, precise diagnosis of infectious diseases in-the-field.To address this problem, resea...
 University of California, Berkeley BioMEMS Immunoassay Platform for In-Field Diagnostics
  The rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical for quick containment and effective treatment. The dominant diagnostics technology, ELISA, is cost-effective for diagnosing diseases in a hospital or doctor's office with a laboratory and trained staff. However, ELISA is not a practical solution for the rapid, precise diagnosis of infectious diseases in-the-field.To address this problem, resea...
 University of California, Berkeley Biomimetically Inspired Artificial Compound Eyes
  Compound eyes in nature have been one of the most studied and intriguing topics in physiological optics due to their unique optical scheme for imaging. Hundreds to ten thousands of integrated optical units called ommatidia are spherically arranged along a curvilinear surface and point in different directions. Each ommatidium collects light within a small angular acceptance and collectively they co...
 University of California, Berkeley Biomimetically Inspired Artificial Compound Eyes
  Compound eyes in nature have been one of the most studied and intriguing topics in physiological optics due to their unique optical scheme for imaging. Hundreds to ten thousands of integrated optical units called ommatidia are spherically arranged along a curvilinear surface and point in different directions. Each ommatidium collects light within a small angular acceptance and collectively they co...
 University of California, Berkeley Biomimetically Inspired Artificial Compound Eyes
  Compound eyes in nature have been one of the most studied and intriguing topics in physiological optics due to their unique optical scheme for imaging. Hundreds to ten thousands of integrated optical units called ommatidia are spherically arranged along a curvilinear surface and point in different directions. Each ommatidium collects light within a small angular acceptance and collectively they co...
 University of California, Berkeley Biomimetically Inspired Artificial Compound Eyes
  Compound eyes in nature have been one of the most studied and intriguing topics in physiological optics due to their unique optical scheme for imaging. Hundreds to ten thousands of integrated optical units called ommatidia are spherically arranged along a curvilinear surface and point in different directions. Each ommatidium collects light within a small angular acceptance and collectively they co...
 University of California, Berkeley Biomimetically Inspired Artificial Compound Eyes
  Compound eyes in nature have been one of the most studied and intriguing topics in physiological optics due to their unique optical scheme for imaging. Hundreds to ten thousands of integrated optical units called ommatidia are spherically arranged along a curvilinear surface and point in different directions. Each ommatidium collects light within a small angular acceptance and collectively they co...
 University of California, Berkeley Biomimetically Inspired Artificial Compound Eyes
  Compound eyes in nature have been one of the most studied and intriguing topics in physiological optics due to their unique optical scheme for imaging. Hundreds to ten thousands of integrated optical units called ommatidia are spherically arranged along a curvilinear surface and point in different directions. Each ommatidium collects light within a small angular acceptance and collectively they co...
 University of California, San Francisco BLIND SEPARATION OF MIXED SIGNALS FROM CONVOLVED SOURCES
  Scientists at UCSF have developed a practical method for signal deconvolutioncalled Dynamic Component Analysis (DCA). DCA can resolve a complex signalcomprised of mixed signals from different sources into its componentpartstraced to their points of origin. The practicality of earlier methodsof signal processing has been limited by frequency distortion to 2 or3 sources.

In situationswhere ...
 Stanford University Bounce-by-bounce Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy
  Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) records the absorption spectrum of a species inside (or in optical contact with) an optical cavity by measuring the change in the ring-down lifetime as a function of wavelength. Bounce-byBounce CRDS generalizes the analysis of the ring-down profile to include all decay forms, exploiting the sensitivity advantages of CRDS and establishing new opportunities to st...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Irvine Broadband Distributed-Mass Micromachined Gyroscope
  University researchers have invented a distributed-mass micromachined gyroscope which minimizes quadrature error, eliminates effects of directional residual stresses, and completely decouples the drive and sense modes. The device has multiple drive-mode oscillators, distributed symmetrically around the center of a supporting frame. The multi-directional linear drive-mode and the rotational sense-m...
 University of California, Irvine C-MEMS Technology for Ni Nanowire Formation
  University researchers have developed a method for two and even three level C-MEMS processes to fabricate low resistance contacts to C-MEMS features and to make very high aspect ration structures (> 40). In the present case, researchers used the more familiar Ti/Au combination as contact material; the Au layer melted and changed to a multitude of Au balls at the high pyrolysis temperature, dist...
 Stanford University Carbon Nanotubes as Sensors
  This invention is the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as sensors. It was discovered that exposure to small concentrations of molecules changed the electrical resistance of a semiconducting SWNT by several orders of magnitude. The nanotube molecular sensors operate at room temperature with reversibility and exhibit high sensitivity and fast response. ...
 California Institute of Technology CCD imaging sensors
  A method for promoting quantum efficiency (QE) of a CCD imaging sensor for UV, far UV and low energy x-ray wavelengths by overthinning the back side beyond the interface between the substrate and the photosensitive semiconductor material, and flooding the ...
 Stanford University Cell-Based Metabolic Sensor
  The device is a solid-state sensor that allows detection of dissolved oxygen concentrations in cells using biological cells growing on its active surface. The device is a useful tool for screening to identify pharmaceuticals that modulate metabolic rate of a cell up or down. This is especially useful in cardiovascular and neurological medicine and surgery where depression of metabolic rate can be ...
 University of Southern California Chemical Sensing and Bio-Sensing Applications of Indium Oxide Nanowires
  This technology provides ultra sensitive chemical and biosensors based on indium oxide nanowires. Specifically these sensors can detect NO2 down to 5 ppb in air and NH3 down to 0.02% among many other potential targets such as CO, ethanol, hydrogen and ozone. In addition, we have demonstrated detection of low-density lipoprotein, a biochemical important for heart disease studies. This method can be...
 University of California, Berkeley Chemical Vapor Deposition and Selective Etching of Silicon Carbide Films
  Silicon carbide (SiC) is an ideal material for high-temperature, high-power, and high-voltage electronic devices. SiC also has many additional properties that make it well-suited to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that are required to work in harsh environments. While the material is promising, deposition of SiC has only been achieved in high-vacuum, custom-built systems that yield small sam...
 University of California, Berkeley Chemical Vapor Deposition and Selective Etching of Silicon Carbide Films
  Silicon carbide (SiC) is an ideal material for high-temperature, high-power, and high-voltage electronic devices. SiC also has many additional properties that make it well-suited to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that are required to work in harsh environments. While the material is promising, deposition of SiC has only been achieved in high-vacuum, custom-built systems that yield small sam...
 Stanford University Chemoselective Modification of Surfaces via 1,2,3 Triazole Formation
  Fabrication of devices such as DNA sensors and fuel cell electrodes requires control of surface chemistry. Researchers in the laboratories of Chris Chidsey and James Collman at Stanford University have developed methods for the robust attachment of chemical species to surfaces by extremely selective and rapid reactions.After forming surface monomolecular layers of azides, this technique utilizes "...
 Stanford University Chronically Implantable Optical Imaging System
  The implantable imaging system allows a minimally invasive imaging of brain neuronal activities through optical imaging of the brain for use in animal models for drug discovery as well as in humans for studies of disease progression and prosthetic limb control. This semiconductor based optical imaging array can be as small as few mm in size allowing studies of free behaving small animals like mice...
 Stanford University CMOS Image Sensor with Self Reset Pixel Architecture
  By integrating image detection and processing on a single chip, CMOS sensors provide a great advantage over CCD sensors. However, as technology scales, the CMOS sensor's dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decrease dramatically. The CMOS image sensor overcomes this effect by utilizing self-reset pixel architecture, in which pixels reset when their collected charge reaches well capacity. ...
 Stanford University CMOS Video Sensor System with Improved SNR under Low Illumination
  Video sensors currently suffer from poor quality under low illumination, because the collected photocharge is small relative to system noise, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Such systems further reduce image quality by performing "global reset"-the reset of all pixels at the beginning of each video frame-an action necessary to prevent pixel saturation. The CMOS video sensor system el...
 California Institute of Technology Colloidal particles used in sensing arrays
  Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprising a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive material) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material). In preferred embodiments, the conducting region c...
 California Institute of Technology Colloidal particles used in sensing arrays
  Chemical sensors for detecting analytes in fluids comprising a plurality of alternating nonconductive regions (comprising a nonconductive material) and conductive regions (comprising a conductive material). In preferred embodiments, the conducting region c...
 Stanford University Continuous Polymeric Brush
  A new method has been developed for preparing a patterned continuous polymeric brush on a substrate surface. This method involves functionalization of the substrate surface followed by surface-initiated polymerization at the initiation sites so provided, whereby a covalently bound continuous polymeric brush results, with acid-labile groups present throughout. The acid is a photogenerated acid resu...
 Stanford University Creating Sharp Asymmetric Lineshapes in Microcavity Structures
  To achieve large on/off contrast ratios, current methods employed for optical switching use optical microcavity structures that tend to shift the required frequency much farther than the width of a single resonance. This invention introduces a new microcavity structure that significantly reduces the frequency shift required for on/off switching. The structure consists of two partially reflecting e...
 Stanford University Design of Image Sensor Pixel in Dual Gate Oxide Deep Sub-Micron CMOS Process
  Decreasing the size of CMOS image sensors lowers the cost of manufacturing and raises the spatial resolution of the images. However, the downscaling of CMOS circuits dramatically increases the leakage current and decreases dynamic range. This invention provides a design for a CMOS image sensor that reduces these undesirable effects by combining the use of both thin and thick gate oxide transistors...
 Stanford University Devices that Treat Back Pain
  EPI-X We have a device concept that will revolutionize catheter-based procedures. The Device enables the delivery of applications larger than the diameter of the catheter. This device minimizes the tissue trauma caused by shear forces and blunt expansion that is normally seen when delivering an application with a large crossing profile.Applications:interventional cardiology and radiology procedure...
 University of Southern California Digital Hormones
  This invention is a new method of using special signals called "digital hormones" to control distributed and self-reconfigurable systems such as metamorphic robots, embedded systems, or large software information management systems. This novel approach is inspired by the biological concept of hormones that support communication and control for billions of cells in complex biological systems. The k...
 Stanford University Displacement-sensitive Photonic Crystal Structures
  In optical devices such as switches and modulators, the mechanical parts typically need to move by distances close to the operating light's wavelength. Reducing this distance is critical to optical MEMS research, because this reduction directly increases the device's response speed and reduces the actuation force. This invention introduces mechanically tunable photonic crystal structures consistin...
 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dual element electron tunneling accelerometer
  The use of a dual element approach provides high resolution position sensors based on electron tunneling. This approach allows miniaturization while utilizing the position sensitivity of electron tunneling to give high resolution. The dual-element tunnelin...
 Stanford University Electrical Through-Wafer Interconnects
  Electrical through-wafer interconnect is an efficient scheme to electrically address individual devices on different wafers for hybrid integration. By stacking of wafers, it provides vertical electrical through put for three-dimensional wafer level packaging, especially for micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) applications. ...
 Stanford University Electrically Wiring Up Carbon Nanotubes
  Wiring up carbon nanotubes electrically is achieved in a non-invasive manner. Arrays of metal electrode pairs are first fabricated on a substrate, carbon nanotubes are then grown from electrodes to opposing electrodes to form bridges that electrically connect the electrodes. ...
 University of California, Los Angeles Electrochemically Fabricated Conductive Polymer Nanowire Sensors
  Several methods exist to produce nanowires for sensing. These involve carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires and polymerization of large arrays of oriented polyaniline nanowires. Current methods in using polymer nanostructures involve the use of carbon nanotubes onto which non-covalently attached receptors are applied. The issue with this approach is background noise, especially for solution-state s...
 University of California, Los Angeles Electrode Modification Using Stacked Layer Structure for Polymer/Organic Electronic Devices
  Polymer or organic electronic devices are gaining greater commercial interest as displays, solar cells, sensors and many other combinations of these devices and applications.One way to improve the efficiency and lower the cost of plastic solar cells is to implement such devices is to create multiple-layered devices, or stacks, of polymeric and metallic thin films. For example, multiple polymer la...
 California Institute of Technology Electronic techniques for analyte detection
  Techniques are used to detect and identify analytes. Techniques are used to fabricate and manufacture sensors to detect analytes. An analyte (1810) is sensed by sensors (1820) that output electrical signals in response to the analyte. The electrical signal...
 California Institute of Technology Electronic techniques for analyte detection
  Techniques are used to detect and identify analytes. Techniques are used to fabricate and manufacture sensors to detect analytes. An analyte (1810) is sensed by sensors (1820) that output electrical signals in response to the analyte. The electrical signal...
 University of California, Los Angeles Electronics Integrated with Bio-Reactor Channel for Detection or Fabrication of Bio-Materials
  Biosensors detect biological/chemical species with high selectivity on the basis of molecular recognition, rather than the physical properties of analytes. Many types of these biosensing devices have been developed in recent years, including enzyme electrodes, optical immunosensors, ligand-receptor amperometers, and evanescent-wave probes. Typical sensor-based methods for identifying biological a...
 University of California, Los Angeles Electronics Integrated with Bio-Reactor Channel For Detection or Fabrication of Bio-Materials
  Biosensors detect biological/chemical species with high selectivity on the basis of molecular recognition, rather than the physical properties of analytes. Many types of these biosensing devices have been developed in recent years, including enzyme electrodes, optical immunosensors, ligand-receptor amperometers, and evanescent-wave probes. Typical sensor-based methods for identifying biological a...
 Stanford University Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonator Sensor
  The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensor is one of the most utilized tools for label-free in situ monitoring of bio-molecular interactions in real-time. By monitoring the evanescent wave generated by the SPR sensor, the kinetic and affinity constants of molecular interaction (as well as the active bio-molecular concentration), can be quantitatively measured for different biological interactions,...
 Stanford University Environmental Sample Processor (ESP)
  The Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) is a device designed to collect discrete samples of water, concentrate microorganisms contained within those samples onto user-defined filters or solid supports, and facilitate autonomous, preprogrammed chemical processing of the material collected.A radio modem is used for remote, two-way communication with the ESP, allowing programming of the device as we...
 University of California, Irvine Environmentally-Sensitive Reconfigurable Antenna
  University researchers have developed an antenna system that changes the nature of its transmission and reception of electromagnetic radiation based on local environmental conditions. It may use this feature to transmit local environmental information by wireless means without the need for power.The sensor system described in this invention requires no power, but may be interrogated remotely by wi...
 University of California, Davis Enzyme Catalyzed Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis at Room Temperature
  Metallic nanoparticles are a core component of modern nanotechnology, yet their production still suffers major limitations. The heart of this new approach lies in the precise control of the number of nucleation sites by placing the metal ions to be reduced at the active sites of enzymes that catalyze their reduction. Such nucleation control has been extremely difficult to achieve in typical soluti...
 University of California, Davis Fabrication of Electro-Magneto-Opto-Chem-Mechanical Systems Using Si, SiGe, SiGeC and Chemical Endpoint Detection
  A novel process for fabricating discrete and/or integrated electro-opto-chem-mechanical systems or components on silicon-based materials has been developed by researchers at the University of California, Davis. This method combines the chemical etch-stop properties of Si, SiGe, and SiGeC, with electromagnetic, optical, chemical, and mechanical features to create components for integrated circuits ...
 University of California, Berkeley Fabrication of Microstructures with High Vertical Aspect Ratios
  Microscale structures are made by photolithography and etching of thin films, usually deposited by chemical vapor deposition. These processes limit the height of the structure to approximately the thickness of the deposited film. Chemical etching of silicon wafers produces milliscale structures, but these are restricted to certain crystal planes and cannot be used to make any shape that may be req...
 University of California, Berkeley Fabrication of Microstructures with High Vertical Aspect Ratios
  Microscale structures are made by photolithography and etching of thin films, usually deposited by chemical vapor deposition. These processes limit the height of the structure to approximately the thickness of the deposited film. Chemical etching of silicon wafers produces milliscale structures, but these are restricted to certain crystal planes and cannot be used to make any shape that may be req...
 University of California, Davis Flask For Drying Biological Materials
  Dried biological materials are becoming increasingly useful in agriculture, biotechnology and medicine:

Freeze Dried Human Blood products and VaccinesFreeze Dried Bacteria for AgricultureBiosensors requiring Long Term StorageA device is described here which permits drying (freeze-drying, air-drying, foam drying) under sterile conditions and which allows for processing under defined conditio...
 University of California, Berkeley Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-Based Direct Sensor of RanGTP
  Scientists at the University of California Berkeley have designed FRET-based sensor of Ran-GTP that is a fluorescent protein construct consisting of Ran binding domain flanked by fluorescent proteins (donor and acceptor) capable of FRET.The sensor functions as:1) a direct sensor of Ran-GTP, and2) an indirect sensor of Ran-GTP-binding proteins such as importin-b family proteins.See:P. Kalab, Weis, ...
 University of California, Berkeley Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-Based Sensor of RanGTP-importin B interaction
  Scientists at the University of California Berkeley have designed FRET sensor of a complex of Ran-GTP-importin b that is a fluorescent protein construct consisting of Importin b-domain (IBB) of importin a flanked by fluorescent proteins (donor and acceptor) capable of FRET. The sensor functions as an indirect sensor of Ran-GTP through its Ran-GTP sensitive specific interaction with importin b.See:...
 University of California, Berkeley Frequency Addressing Method for Large Arrays of Mechanical Structures
  Shack-Hartmann (SH) sensors are used in a growing number of optical wavefront applications, however the conventional design of these sensors limits their dynamic range, and consequently they produce false results if the curvature of the measured wave-front is too large. To overcome this dynamic-range limitation, designers have tried a modified unwrapped algorithm, a microlens array with well-defin...
 University of California, Berkeley Frequency Addressing Method for Large Arrays of Mechanical Structures
  Shack-Hartmann (SH) sensors are used in a growing number of optical wavefront applications, however the conventional design of these sensors limits their dynamic range, and consequently they produce false results if the curvature of the measured wave-front is too large. To overcome this dynamic-range limitation, designers have tried a modified unwrapped algorithm, a microlens array with well-defin...
 University of California, Berkeley Frequency Addressing Method for Large Arrays of Mechanical Structures
  Shack-Hartmann (SH) sensors are used in a growing number of optical wavefront applications, however the conventional design of these sensors limits their dynamic range, and consequently they produce false results if the curvature of the measured wave-front is too large. To overcome this dynamic-range limitation, designers have tried a modified unwrapped algorithm, a microlens array with well-defin...
 Stanford University Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Biocompatibility and Biomolecular Recognition
  This functionalization approach prevents non-specific binding on nanotubes and at the same time introduces selective protein binding sites on nanotubes. This functionalization enables nanotube-based electrical biosensors capable of detecting protein through highly specific binding with receptors or proteins immobilized on nanotube surfaces. ...
 Stanford University Gas Sensor for Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, and Water
  This invention uses a radiation source (such as a laser) to measure the presence of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor; isolating the different absorption features from each other and enabling species-specific measurements without interference from primary bath gas constituents.Most applications for which measurements of trace ammonia concentration are pertinent include high background levels...
 Stanford University Grating Angle Magnification Enhanced Angular Sensor and Scanner
  This invention demonstrates the use of diffraction orders from a grating for angular sensing signal beams, where this grating angular sensor can be far more sensitive than simple reflection scheme. This invention provides angular sensing in gravitational reference sensors (GRS), telescope pointing, and spacecraft control. ...
 University of California, Davis Ground Transport Control System
  An ultra high-speed digital guidance system for ground transportation has been developed by researchers at the University of California, Davis. The system has an operational rate from 0-150 mph. It allows for stopping or docking as well as high-speed control of vehicles.This innovative system can receive input from a variety of sources to control the vehicle: magnetic markers, continuous magnetic ...
 Stanford University High Speed Videography
  An improved technique for capturing and processing video of dynamic scenes using a collection of precisely timed video cameras. This system uses multiple synchronized image sensors with precise time delays to capture high-speed video. If the cameras are closely packed together, the system can be used as a continuously streaming high-speed camera. If the cameras are spread further apart, the system...
 University of California, Los Angeles High Surface Area Carbon Coating on Micro/Nano Three-dimensional Structures
  Carbon has found many applications in electrosynthesis and energy conversion systems. Due to its electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties, carbon electrodes have been extensively used in batteries and electrochemical sensors. In most of the current applications, the carbon layer is confined in the two-dimensional manner, with limited exposed area. To improve the performance of these carbon...
 California Institute of Technology IC-compatible parylene MEMS technology and its application in integrated sensors
  A combined IC/Mems process forms the IC parts first, and then forms the MEMS parts. One option forms a parylene overlayer, then forms a cavity under the parylene overlayer....
 University of California, Los Angeles Identification of the First Human Glucose Sensor—A New Target for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity, and Related Metabolic Disorders
  Energy intake, expenditure and storage in humans and other organisms are highly regulated and disturbances lead to severe problems such as obesity and diabetes. Glucose is a major unit of currency in energy metabolism and the body goes to great lengths to regulate the level of glucose in the blood to ensure adequate delivery to the brain, muscle and other cells and tissues of the body. The cells...
 California Institute of Technology Image sensor producing at least two integration times from each sensing pixel
  Designs and operational methods to increase the dynamic range of image sensors and APS devices in particular by achieving more than one integration times for each pixel thereof. An APS system with more than one column-parallel signal chains for readout are...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Design for Bi-Material, Thermo MEMS Sensors and Actuators.
  The market potential of MEMS-based sensors and actuators is enormous. However, many potential applications of these devices have physical and geometric constraints that are problematic for existing bi-material, cantilever designs. To address this problem, researchers at the University of California at Berkeley have devised a clever new design for bi-material, thermo-activated, MEMS sensors and act...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Media Access Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
  Wireless sensor networks are an emerging research area with potential applications in a wide variety of fields. A primary impediment to the commercial adoption of these networks is that the radio in each wireless sensor node requires lots of power -- especially in comparison to comparable wired sensor nodes. This high power requirement consequently limits the range and/or economics of deploying an...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Media Access Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
  Wireless sensor networks are an emerging research area with potential applications in a wide variety of fields. A primary impediment to the commercial adoption of these networks is that the radio in each wireless sensor node requires lots of power -- especially in comparison to comparable wired sensor nodes. This high power requirement consequently limits the range and/or economics of deploying an...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Media Access Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
  Wireless sensor networks are an emerging research area with potential applications in a wide variety of fields. A primary impediment to the commercial adoption of these networks is that the radio in each wireless sensor node requires lots of power -- especially in comparison to comparable wired sensor nodes. This high power requirement consequently limits the range and/or economics of deploying an...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Rapid Bonding of Silicon to Steel
  Most micro-sensors and integrated circuits are made using silicon, and most metallic structural materials and devices are made using steel. Accordingly, the capability to bond Si-based sensors and circuits to steel-based devices and structures could lead to many potential applications. However bonding these two materials without damaging either of them is difficult. Furthermore in order to make th...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Rapid Bonding of Silicon to Steel
  Most micro-sensors and integrated circuits are made using silicon, and most metallic structural materials and devices are made using steel. Accordingly, the capability to bond Si-based sensors and circuits to steel-based devices and structures could lead to many potential applications. However bonding these two materials without damaging either of them is difficult. Furthermore in order to make th...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Rapid Bonding of Silicon to Steel
  Most micro-sensors and integrated circuits are made using silicon, and most metallic structural materials and devices are made using steel. Accordingly, the capability to bond Si-based sensors and circuits to steel-based devices and structures could lead to many potential applications. However bonding these two materials without damaging either of them is difficult. Furthermore in order to make th...
 University of California, Davis IMPROVED ROBOTIC TACTILE SENSING SYSTEM
  University of California researchers have developed a simpleyet novel tactile sensing system for robotic and othermanufacturing applications.The UC system differs from existingtactile positioning systems in that it obtains a completelocalization of the targeted object in a single contact,eliminating the need for awkward repositioning of the sensors andmultiple measurements.The tactile sensing to...
 Stanford University Improvements to Dispersing Light Using Multilayered Structures
  Two improvements to the multilayered structure described in Stanford Docket S99-127 are described. The first improvement enables a low-loss device. The second improvement addresses the dispersion properties of the dielectric stack. ...
 University of California, Irvine In Situ Microthermometry For Biological Systems
  Researchers at the University of California have developed a microparticle biosensor that converts thermal energy into light in a very temperature-sensitive manner for use in an optical microthermometry system. It is the first non-invasive optical system for measuring temperature in situ and for mapping temperature in living organisms. The UC microthermometry system has a spatial resolution on the...
 University of California, Berkeley Individual Earthquake Early Warning System
  Providing an emergency notification of an impending earthquake could significantly reduce harm to people and facilities. Even if the notification was just several seconds before the quake hit, that could be enough time for individuals to take cover, turn off gas-fueled devices, and/or shutdown electrical equipment. To rapidly detect earthquakes, extensive seismic networks have been established in ...
 University of California, Berkeley Individual Earthquake Early Warning System
  Providing an emergency notification of an impending earthquake could significantly reduce harm to people and facilities. Even if the notification was just several seconds before the quake hit, that could be enough time for individuals to take cover, turn off gas-fueled devices, and/or shutdown electrical equipment. To rapidly detect earthquakes, extensive seismic networks have been established in ...
 University of California, Berkeley Individual Earthquake Early Warning System
  Providing an emergency notification of an impending earthquake could significantly reduce harm to people and facilities. Even if the notification was just several seconds before the quake hit, that could be enough time for individuals to take cover, turn off gas-fueled devices, and/or shutdown electrical equipment. To rapidly detect earthquakes, extensive seismic networks have been established in ...
 California Institute of Technology Integrable current sensors
  A current conductor is provided with opposing notches to produce a restricted section and with magnetic flux sensors on opposite sides of the restricted current section. The flux sensors are connected to differential amplification circuitry. The restricted...
 Stanford University Integrated Array of Image Sensors
  The active imaging method (AIM) makes it possible to measure images from a controlled light source even in the presence of uncontrolled, stray ambient light. The method consists of an emitter, which emits temporally modulated light onto the scene or object, and a detector, which measures the reflected light. From the detected light, a processing means, such as a simple filter, distinguishes the re...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated capacitive microfluidic sensors method and apparatus
  A microfluidic device and method for capacitive sensing. The device includes a fluid channel including an inlet at a first end and an outlet at a second end, a cavity region coupled to the fluid channel, and a polymer based membrane coupled between the flu...
 Stanford University Integrated Color Pixel (ICP)
  Current color sensor pixels utilize a two-stage process of designing an image sensor and a separate color filter, which is added after the semiconductor manufacturing process. The integrated color pixel (ICP) provides a method for bypassing this two stage process. The ICP utilizes spatial arrangements of metal wires between the lens and the photodetector to create a color filter integrated in the ...
 Stanford University Integrated Fluorescence Sensor
  This integrated fluorescence sensor allows the scaling down of biological analysis systems to create smaller and more portable biosensors for use in areas of bio-warfare, clinical medicine and biological experimentation. The integration of lasers, emission filters, and photo-detectors onto a single chip results in a cheaper method of bio-detection while maintaining the system's parallelism and rob...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated infrared and visible image sensors
  Semiconductor imaging devices integrating an array of visible detectors and another array of infrared detectors into a single module to simultaneously detect both the visible and infrared radiation of an input image. The visible detectors and the infrared ...
 University of California, Berkeley Integration of Advanced Structures with Conventional Integrated Circuits
  Technological advances have allowed computer microprocessors to handle data at an extraordinary rate. However, the electrical interconnects within and between microprocessor chips introduce a severe bottle-neck to the flow of data. A promising architecture for next generation interconnects is high-speed and high-bandwidth optical interconnects, which will require heterogeneous integration of compo...
 University of California, Berkeley Integration of Advanced Structures with Conventional Integrated Circuits
  Technological advances have allowed computer microprocessors to handle data at an extraordinary rate. However, the electrical interconnects within and between microprocessor chips introduce a severe bottle-neck to the flow of data. A promising architecture for next generation interconnects is high-speed and high-bandwidth optical interconnects, which will require heterogeneous integration of compo...
 University of California, Berkeley Integration of Advanced Structures with Conventional Integrated Circuits
  Technological advances have allowed computer microprocessors to handle data at an extraordinary rate. However, the electrical interconnects within and between microprocessor chips introduce a severe bottle-neck to the flow of data. A promising architecture for next generation interconnects is high-speed and high-bandwidth optical interconnects, which will require heterogeneous integration of compo...
 Stanford University Large Scale Synthesis of Single-Walled Nanotubes
  This invention is a way to obtain high-quality single-walled carbon nanotubes. This technique further can confine growth of such nanotubes to specifically designated locations. ...
 University of California, Berkeley Laterally-Driven Resonant Microstructures
  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have improved the performance of microsensors and microactuators by replacing vertical drives with electrostatically-driven linear comb drives. Lateral resonant modes have higher Q than do vertical modes. In addition, the lateral drive enables large linear drive voltages, larger amplitude vibrations, small electrical feedthrough, and easier exc...
 University of California, Berkeley Laterally-Driven Resonant Microstructures
  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have improved the performance of microsensors and microactuators by replacing vertical drives with electrostatically-driven linear comb drives. Lateral resonant modes have higher Q than do vertical modes. In addition, the lateral drive enables large linear drive voltages, larger amplitude vibrations, small electrical feedthrough, and easier exc...
 University of California, Berkeley Laterally-Driven Resonant Microstructures
  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have improved the performance of microsensors and microactuators by replacing vertical drives with electrostatically-driven linear comb drives. Lateral resonant modes have higher Q than do vertical modes. In addition, the lateral drive enables large linear drive voltages, larger amplitude vibrations, small electrical feedthrough, and easier exc...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 Stanford University Low-Cost Fabrication of Microelectrode Arrays for Cell-Based Biosensors and Drug Discovery Methods
  Stanford Researchers have developed a low-cost method for fabricating microelectrode arrays on which cells can be cultured. This will enable mass production of low-cost disposables for cell-based drug discovery. ...
 Stanford University Maintaining the alignment of electric and magnetic fields in an x-ray tube operated in a magnetic field
  This invention is a technique utilizing sensors to maintain the alignment of electric and magnetic fields in an x-ray tube operated in a magnetic field. ...
 Stanford University Massive Arrays of Integrated Nanotubes for Electronic Noses and Biochips
  Since the recent anthrax threats, Tokyo subway sarin attacks, and Desert Storm, the need for sensors that can rapidly detect a variety of chemical species is becoming critical. This invention introduces integrated nanotube sensor arrays that can act as "nano-electronic noses," capable of detecting various chemical and biological molecules. As opposed to current optical chips with their complex rea...
 Stanford University Mechanically Switchable Photonic Crystal Filter
  This invention introduces a new type of optical all-pass filter based upon guided resonance in coupled photonic crystal slabs. The all-pass filter exhibits near complete transmission for both on and off resonant frequencies, yet generates large resonant group delay. Unlike all previously reported all-pass reflection filters, the introduced structure generates all-pass transmission spectrum, which ...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS Microbial Fuel Cells Powered by Glucose
  The application of MEMS technology to implantable biomedical devices has great potential to decrease the size and costs of these implantable systems. However lithium batteries -- the common power source for these medical devices -- are not well-suited to MEMS-based systems as the batteries are relatively expensive and bulky.To achieve the full potential of MEMS-based implantable biomedical devices...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS Microbial Fuel Cells Powered by Glucose
  The application of MEMS technology to implantable biomedical devices has great potential to decrease the size and costs of these implantable systems. However lithium batteries -- the common power source for these medical devices -- are not well-suited to MEMS-based systems as the batteries are relatively expensive and bulky.To achieve the full potential of MEMS-based implantable biomedical devices...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS Microbial Fuel Cells Powered by Glucose
  The application of MEMS technology to implantable biomedical devices has great potential to decrease the size and costs of these implantable systems. However lithium batteries -- the common power source for these medical devices -- are not well-suited to MEMS-based systems as the batteries are relatively expensive and bulky.To achieve the full potential of MEMS-based implantable biomedical devices...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS Microbial Fuel Cells Powered by Glucose
  The application of MEMS technology to implantable biomedical devices has great potential to decrease the size and costs of these implantable systems. However lithium batteries -- the common power source for these medical devices -- are not well-suited to MEMS-based systems as the batteries are relatively expensive and bulky.To achieve the full potential of MEMS-based implantable biomedical devices...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS Resonant Strain Gauge with Thermal Compensation
  Sensors using resonant strain gauges can be several orders of magnitude more sensitive than those incorporating conventional piezoresistive or capacitive strain sensing mechanisms for detecting such factors as acceleration, force, and pressure. Resonant strain gauges use a sensing element that is mechanically vibrated at a given input frequency, and mechanical strain is detected as a shift in the ...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS Resonant Strain Gauge with Thermal Compensation
  Sensors using resonant strain gauges can be several orders of magnitude more sensitive than those incorporating conventional piezoresistive or capacitive strain sensing mechanisms for detecting such factors as acceleration, force, and pressure. Resonant strain gauges use a sensing element that is mechanically vibrated at a given input frequency, and mechanical strain is detected as a shift in the ...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS RF Resonator with Improved Power Handling and Stop-Band Rejection
  MEMS technology has the potential to revolutionize the RF communications market by decreasing the costs, size and power requirements of radio devices. Industry interest in MEMS RF technology is primarily focused on developing a monolithic radio that replaces the entire chipset, SAW filters, crystals and passive circuit elements in cellular phones. However, a key challenge to this integration is th...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS RF Resonator with Improved Power Handling and Stop-Band Rejection
  MEMS technology has the potential to revolutionize the RF communications market by decreasing the costs, size and power requirements of radio devices. Industry interest in MEMS RF technology is primarily focused on developing a monolithic radio that replaces the entire chipset, SAW filters, crystals and passive circuit elements in cellular phones. However, a key challenge to this integration is th...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS RF Resonator with Improved Power Handling and Stop-Band Rejection
  MEMS technology has the potential to revolutionize the RF communications market by decreasing the costs, size and power requirements of radio devices. Industry interest in MEMS RF technology is primarily focused on developing a monolithic radio that replaces the entire chipset, SAW filters, crystals and passive circuit elements in cellular phones. However, a key challenge to this integration is th...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS RF Resonator with Improved Power Handling and Stop-Band Rejection
  MEMS technology has the potential to revolutionize the RF communications market by decreasing the costs, size and power requirements of radio devices. Industry interest in MEMS RF technology is primarily focused on developing a monolithic radio that replaces the entire chipset, SAW filters, crystals and passive circuit elements in cellular phones. However, a key challenge to this integration is th...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS-Based Glucose Monitoring System
  Diabetes is a huge healthcare problem, and in particular the inability of diabetics to continuously monitor their glucose levels causes some of the most severe complications for this condition due to undetected hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events. The traditional fingerstick test is an invasive, painful and inconvenient method of measuring glucose levels, and it often fails to detect rapidly fluc...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS-Based Glucose Monitoring System
  Diabetes is a huge healthcare problem, and in particular the inability of diabetics to continuously monitor their glucose levels causes some of the most severe complications for this condition due to undetected hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events. The traditional fingerstick test is an invasive, painful and inconvenient method of measuring glucose levels, and it often fails to detect rapidly fluc...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS-Based Glucose Monitoring System
  Diabetes is a huge healthcare problem, and in particular the inability of diabetics to continuously monitor their glucose levels causes some of the most severe complications for this condition due to undetected hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events. The traditional fingerstick test is an invasive, painful and inconvenient method of measuring glucose levels, and it often fails to detect rapidly fluc...
 University of California, Berkeley MEMS-Based Glucose Monitoring System
  Diabetes is a huge healthcare problem, and in particular the inability of diabetics to continuously monitor their glucose levels causes some of the most severe complications for this condition due to undetected hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic events. The traditional fingerstick test is an invasive, painful and inconvenient method of measuring glucose levels, and it often fails to detect rapidly fluc...
 California Institute of Technology Metal chelating lipids which are useful as sensors in fluorometric methods for the detection of metal ions
  An fluorescent metal-chelating amphiphile having the structure: ##STR1## wherein A is a hydrophobic fluorophore, X and Y are aliphatic hydrocarbons having from 9 to 25 carbon atoms, B is a hydrophilic spacer, C is a metal chelator, and L is either an ether...
 California Institute of Technology Method and system for determining analyte activity
  Chemical sensors for detecting the activity of a molecule or analyte of interest is provided. The chemical sensors comprise and array or plurality of chemically-sensitive resistors that are capable of interacting with the molecule of interest, wherein the ...
 California Institute of Technology Method and system for determining analyte activity
  C-hemical sensors for detecting the activity of a molecule or analyte of interest is provided. The chemical sensors comprise and array or plurality of chemically-sensitive resistors that are capable of interacting with the molecule of interest, wherein the...
 Stanford University