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 250 listing(s) found for semiconductor
 Stanford University 3-D Multi-Layer Microstructure Fabrication of Materials
  Having the capability of controlled three-dimensional interconnected spatial distribution of micron-sized features with high aspect ratios is increasingly important in building tissue scaffolds for cells and realizing controlled release mechanisms of drug delivery systems or micro-fluidic devices.Researchers at Stanford have developed a process for fabrication of three-dimensional interconnected c...
 University of California, Irvine A High-Output Random Number Generator Based On Spontaneous Alpha-Decay
  This invention addresses the differences between an algorithmic random number generator (RNG) versus a physical RNG. The common problem with all algorithmic RNG’s is that their digital output is in fact far from random, no matter how sophisticated the underlying mathematical algorithm is. There exist severe fundamental restrictions on what can be done with this approach. The pro...
 University of California, Berkeley A Method for Forming Double-Gate Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
  Metal Oxide Semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) technology is the dominant electronic device technology in use today. Performance enhancement is achieved primarily by device scaling. However, as MOSFETs are scaled to channel lengths below 100nm, conventional devices suffer from problems such as short channel effects and reduced gate control. A double gate MOSFET device allows gate contr...
 Stanford University A Method for Heteroepitaxial Growth of Germanium on Silicon
  This invention is a novel multi-step growth and anneal process to grow heteroepitaxial-germanium directly on silicon, with low surface roughness and defects confined near the Si/Ge interface, thus not threading to the surface as expected in this lattice mismatched system. The results achieved are defect-free fully-relaxed smooth single crystal Ge layers on Si without a graded buffer layer or any C...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Architecture For a Field Programmable Logic Device
  A Programmable Logic Device (PLD) is an integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform complex logic functions. It consists of arrays of AND and OR gates. A mask-programmable logic device is programmed through the process of fabricating the device. In contrast, a Field programmable Logic Device (FPLD) is distributed by the manufacturer in an unprogrammed state, and is to be programmed "in th...
 University of California, Berkeley A New Architecture For a Field Programmable Logic Device
  A Programmable Logic Device (PLD) is an integrated circuit that can be programmed to perform complex logic functions. It consists of arrays of AND and OR gates. A mask-programmable logic device is programmed through the process of fabricating the device. In contrast, a Field programmable Logic Device (FPLD) is distributed by the manufacturer in an unprogrammed state, and is to be programmed "in th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel image sensor with a winner-take-all mode of operation
  An integrated CMOS semiconductor imaging device having two modes of operation that can be performed simultaneously to produce an output image and provide information of a brightest or darkest pixel in the image....
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor array with multiresolution readout
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor array with simple floating gate pixels
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor having intra-pixel charge transfer with analog-to-digital converter
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor Integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor having intra-pixel charge transfer with analog-to-digital converter
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor pixel having a photodetector whose output is coupled to an output transistor gate
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensor with intra-pixel charge transfer
  An imaging device formed as a monolithic complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuit in an industry standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, the integrated circuit including a focal plane array of pixel cells, each one of th...
 California Institute of Technology Active pixel sensors with substantially planarized color filtering elements
  A semiconductor imaging system preferably having an active pixel sensor array compatible with a CMOS fabrication process. Color-filtering elements such as polymer filters and wavelength-converting phosphors can be integrated with the image sensor....
 California Institute of Technology Adaptive photoreceptor including adaptive element for long-time-constant continuous adaptation with low offset and insensitivity to light
  An adaptive photoreceptor semiconductor circuit for long-time-constant continuous learning having a low offset and insensitivity to light includes a photodiode in series with an MOS feedback transistor connected across a potential difference. An inverting ...
 Stanford University Adaptive Pixel for High Dynamic Range and Disturbance Detection and Correction
  The invention describes a focal-plane array architecture for imaging very wide dynamic range scenes and the detection of sudden surges of illumination, e.g., due to pulsed laser. The proposed architecture comprises a per-pixel Analog Front End (AFE), a fine ADC stage, and a Digital Signal Processor/Controller (DSPC) stage. The AFE performs programmable gain amplification (PGA) and disturbance dete...
 Stanford University Advanced Gate Electrode with Depletion Suppression and Tunable Workfunction
  This improved gate structure provides a tunable gate workfunction for transistor threshold adjustment, and at the same time increases the carrier concentration in the gate electrode, to enhance the transistor drive. Using this approach eliminates a wide range of problems that are currently faced in MOS device technology, such as carrier depletion in the gate and threshold implantation into the cha...
 California Institute of Technology Aerosol silicon nanoparticles for use in semiconductor device fabrication
  A stratum or discontinuous monolayer of dielectric-coated semiconductor particles includes a high density of semiconductor nanoparticles with a tightly controlled range of particle sizes in the nanometer range. In an exemplary embodiment, the nanoparticles...
 Stanford University Alkyl Monolayers Synthesized with Free Radical Chemistry Covalently Bonded to Silicon
  This patented technology allows covalent bonding of a molecular layer of a selected molecular moiety to a silicon surface. The silicon surface is first etched to form a hydrogenated silicon surface. The surface is then combined with a free radical-producing compound to produce the selected molecular moiety. Lastly, the combined silicon surface and the free radical-producing compound are heated to ...
 Stanford University An Integrated Bioluminescent Detection System for Biological Applications
  Future biological studies will require very high throughput and integration of different systems. However, current biological assays are highly repetitive, labor intensive and require tiny volume samples prepared. Current detection methods employ CCD (Charged-Coupled Device) - based imaging systems that are bulky, expensive and slow. This novel invention integrates the assay, detection and analysi...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Broad Bandwidth and Highly Reflective Gratings
  Broadband mirrors with very high reflectivity are essential for applications such as telecommunications, surveillance, sensors and imaging. Among the various conventional mirror designs, metal mirrors have larger reflection bandwidths but lower reflectivities; as a result they are not suitable for fabricating transmission-type optical devices such as etalon filters. Dielectric distributed Bragg re...
 University of California, Berkeley Bulk Hydrophilic Imprinted Silica
  The objective of molecular imprinting is to create solid materials containing chemical functionalities that are spatially organized by interactions with imprint (or template) molecules during the synthesis process. Subsequent removal of the imprint molecules leaves behind designed sites for the recognition of small molecules, making the material ideally suited for applications such as separations,...
 University of California, Berkeley Bulk Hydrophilic Imprinted Silica
  The objective of molecular imprinting is to create solid materials containing chemical functionalities that are spatially organized by interactions with imprint (or template) molecules during the synthesis process. Subsequent removal of the imprint molecules leaves behind designed sites for the recognition of small molecules, making the material ideally suited for applications such as separations,...
 University of California, Berkeley Bulk Hydrophilic Imprinted Silica
  The objective of molecular imprinting is to create solid materials containing chemical functionalities that are spatially organized by interactions with imprint (or template) molecules during the synthesis process. Subsequent removal of the imprint molecules leaves behind designed sites for the recognition of small molecules, making the material ideally suited for applications such as separations,...
 University of California, Berkeley Bulk Hydrophilic Imprinted Silica
  The objective of molecular imprinting is to create solid materials containing chemical functionalities that are spatially organized by interactions with imprint (or template) molecules during the synthesis process. Subsequent removal of the imprint molecules leaves behind designed sites for the recognition of small molecules, making the material ideally suited for applications such as separations,...
 University of California, Berkeley Bulk Hydrophilic Imprinted Silica
  The objective of molecular imprinting is to create solid materials containing chemical functionalities that are spatially organized by interactions with imprint (or template) molecules during the synthesis process. Subsequent removal of the imprint molecules leaves behind designed sites for the recognition of small molecules, making the material ideally suited for applications such as separations,...
 University of California, Berkeley Capacitorless, Silicon-on-Insulator DRAM Device
  The great commercial success of DRAM can be attributed in large part to the continued miniaturization of the memory cell unit that in turn drives increased storage density and decreased costs.To further improve DRAM memory density, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new technology that features a capacitorless DRAM (CDRAM) cell on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) subs...
 University of California, Berkeley Capacitorless, Silicon-on-Insulator DRAM Device
  The great commercial success of DRAM can be attributed in large part to the continued miniaturization of the memory cell unit that in turn drives increased storage density and decreased costs.To further improve DRAM memory density, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new technology that features a capacitorless DRAM (CDRAM) cell on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) subs...
 University of California, Los Angeles Catalyzed Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition (OMCVD) of Metal Films
  Deposition of thin metal films from volatile organometallic precursors usually is accompanied by the undesirable incorporation of heteroatom contaminants derived from the precursor ligands. The novel OMCVD process that has been developed allows the ready deposition of pure, thin films of metals which are not deposited, or not easily deposited, in high purity. This process involves the prior depo...
 University of Southern California Chemical Sensing and Bio-Sensing Applications of Indium Oxide Nanowires
  This technology provides ultra sensitive chemical and biosensors based on indium oxide nanowires. Specifically these sensors can detect NO2 down to 5 ppb in air and NH3 down to 0.02% among many other potential targets such as CO, ethanol, hydrogen and ozone. In addition, we have demonstrated detection of low-density lipoprotein, a biochemical important for heart disease studies. This method can be...
 Stanford University Chronically Implantable Optical Imaging System
  The implantable imaging system allows a minimally invasive imaging of brain neuronal activities through optical imaging of the brain for use in animal models for drug discovery as well as in humans for studies of disease progression and prosthetic limb control. This semiconductor based optical imaging array can be as small as few mm in size allowing studies of free behaving small animals like mice...
 Stanford University CMOS Image Sensor with Self Reset Pixel Architecture
  By integrating image detection and processing on a single chip, CMOS sensors provide a great advantage over CCD sensors. However, as technology scales, the CMOS sensor's dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decrease dramatically. The CMOS image sensor overcomes this effect by utilizing self-reset pixel architecture, in which pixels reset when their collected charge reaches well capacity. ...
 Stanford University CMOS Power Amplifier with Reduced Harmonics and Improved Efficiency
  Efficiency enhancement over a wide range of power is essential for today's wireless applications because mobile terminals do not usually transmit at maximum output power. High energy efficiency would result in longer battery-life and reduce the requirements for heat dissipation. As CMOS technology advances, it is becoming an attractive alternative for use in power amplifiers, based on its small fe...
 Stanford University CMOS Video Sensor System with Improved SNR under Low Illumination
  Video sensors currently suffer from poor quality under low illumination, because the collected photocharge is small relative to system noise, resulting in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Such systems further reduce image quality by performing "global reset"-the reset of all pixels at the beginning of each video frame-an action necessary to prevent pixel saturation. The CMOS video sensor system el...
 Stanford University Collection Mode Lens System
  This invention is a collection mode lens system which includes a large area detector, a collecting lens and a small lens in which the field of view is determined by the acceptance angle or numerical aperature of the collecting lens, and the diameter of the small lens, and no pinhole is used in front of the detector. ...
 Stanford University Compound Vector Operations
  This invention introduces a high performance processor that reduces the global bandwidth memory requirements particularly for media application to the capabilities of VLSI technology. This processor utilizes the "streams" programming model and the "Imagine" architecture. The Stream model, in which an application is coded as streams of data records, enables a system to meet the large instruction an...
 University of California, Los Angeles Compounds for use in Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs)
  Researchers in the UCLA Department of Chemistry have developed a new class of compounds for use in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and a method of preparation. Novel compounds that include the structure of Indolizino [3,4,5-ab] Isoindole are prepared. These compounds have high luminescence and narrow spectra. OLEDs with the invented compounds show good performance at room temperature in b...
 Stanford University Compton x-ray source
  The invention is a high-intensity, inexpensive and collimated x-ray source for applications such as x-ray lithography. The wavelength may be adjusted between 1nm to 10nm (soft x-rays) and potentially above 10nm (EUV range). ...
 Stanford University Conditional Vector Operations
  This invention is directed to computer architectures. More specifically, the invention is directed to pipelined and parallel processing computer systems, which are designed to efficiently perform conditional processing operations using a large number of operational units and pipelines. One of the major problems in the modern computer systems is providing adequate instruction and data bandwidth. In...
 California Institute of Technology Connector for semiconductor microelectrodes and flexible wiring
  A fixture for carrying a neural probe. The fixture has a base with opposite forward and rear ends, the rear end having an engagement feature for engaging a micropositioner and the forward end having a receiving feature for receiving the semiconductor subst...
 Stanford University Continuous Polymeric Brush
  A new method has been developed for preparing a patterned continuous polymeric brush on a substrate surface. This method involves functionalization of the substrate surface followed by surface-initiated polymerization at the initiation sites so provided, whereby a covalently bound continuous polymeric brush results, with acid-labile groups present throughout. The acid is a photogenerated acid resu...
 University of California, Berkeley Crystallographic Alignment of High-Density Gallium Nitride Nanowire Arrays
  Single-crystalline, one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures are one of the critical building blocks for nanoscale optoelectronics. Research has demonstrated precise control over nanowire position and size, but to date no reports have been made demonstrating control over crystallographic growth direction of nanowire arrays. Control over nanowire growth direction is very desirable in that aniso...
 University of California, Berkeley Crystallographic Alignment of High-Density Gallium Nitride Nanowire Arrays
  Single-crystalline, one-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures are one of the critical building blocks for nanoscale optoelectronics. Research has demonstrated precise control over nanowire position and size, but to date no reports have been made demonstrating control over crystallographic growth direction of nanowire arrays. Control over nanowire growth direction is very desirable in that aniso...
 University of California, Los Angeles DAOmap: Depth-Optimal Area Optimization Mapping For FPGA Minimization
  Current mapping algorithms for FPGAs are designed to optimize area (Praetor), delay (FlowMap), power (DVmap), or both delay and area (CutMap and IMap)....
 Stanford University Design of Image Sensor Pixel in Dual Gate Oxide Deep Sub-Micron CMOS Process
  Decreasing the size of CMOS image sensors lowers the cost of manufacturing and raises the spatial resolution of the images. However, the downscaling of CMOS circuits dramatically increases the leakage current and decreases dynamic range. This invention provides a design for a CMOS image sensor that reduces these undesirable effects by combining the use of both thin and thick gate oxide transistors...
 Stanford University Determining the Near Surface Carrier Mobility in Semiconductors
  An apparatus using a resonator probe for determining an electronic property of a conductor across a dielectric. The apparatus has a device for inducing lateral mechanical oscillations of the resonator probe and a voltage source for producing a voltage difference between the resonator probe and the conductor to create an electronic drag between the conductor and resonator probe, thus damping the me...
 Stanford University Device and Method for Manufacturing low cost 1.3um VCSEL for Optical Communications
  This invention enables the low cost fabrication of an optical-electronic semiconductor device for that operates at wavelengths above 1.2 microns, particularly for optical communication systems. This technology overcomes many of the current problems facing optical communications systems. This GaInNAs materials system is very promising for this application as it allows the fabrication of VCSELs at 1...
 University of California, Berkeley Devices Using High Temperature Superconductors Disposed on a Chip
  The present invention relates generally to microwave and millimeter-wave devices such as antennas and cavities, and more particularly to microwave and millimeter-wave devices using chips including high-temperature superconducting films.The invention is directed to a structure exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The structure comprises discrete elements including a substrate on which a high-tempe...
 California Institute of Technology Direct detection of low-energy charged particles using metal oxide semiconductor circuitry
  An electronic ion detection system which may detect low-energy charge particles such as ions from, for example, a mass spectrometer system. The capacitive sensors are located with two plates which are separated by an insulator. The ions which impinge on on...
 California Institute of Technology Direct detection of low-energy charged particles using metal oxide semiconductor circuitry
  An electronic ion detection system which may detect low-energy charge particles such as ions from, for example, a mass spectrometer system. The capacitive sensors are located with two plates which are separated by an insulator. The ions which impinge on on...
 University of California, Los Angeles Driving Method for Organic Switching Devices
  Due to recent advances in materials technology, organic electronic devices are proven for applications as light emitting diodes, solar cells and active electronics devices. Compounds such as Cu-TCNQ, K-TCNQ and thin films containing fine participles of conductive materials embedded in low conductive organics have exhibited bistability. However, these materials have the problem of having only 2 li...
 Stanford University Dual beam atomic absorption spectroscopy for vapor phase manufacturing process control
  Stanford researchers have designed a deposition rate monitor for controlling vapor phase thin film processes including high area and high rate deposition. It has some novel features which make it superior to quartz crystal monitors, mass spectrometers, ion gauges, and Sentinel: It is non-invasive, element specific, insensitive to extremes of temperature and pressure, sensitive to very low and high...
 University of California, Berkeley Dual Work Function CMOS Gate Technology Based on Metal Interdiffusion
  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new metal-gate CMOS technology that uses a combination of two metals to achieve a low threshold voltage for both n- and p-MOSFETs. One of the gate electrodes is formed by metal interdiffusion so that no metal has to be etched away from the gate dielectric surface. Consequently, the process does not compromise the integrity and ...
 California Institute of Technology Dynamic channel copying device for use in fiber optics system using a nonlinear optical media
  A channel-obtaining device takes the desired channel and uses a resonant semiconductor device to mix the channel to a different frequency. The dropped channel is sufficiently removed from the other channels in frequency that it can be effectively separated...
 Stanford University Dynamic Memory Allocation and Pointers for Behavioral Synthesis from C
  Many networking and multimedia applications implemented in hardware or mixed hardware/software systems are using complex data structures stored in one or multiple memory banks. Software features are now making their way into hardware. This invention is a solution for efficiently mapping C arbitrary code with pointers and malloc/free into hardware. Also supports reuse of legacy C code into hw. ...
 University of California, Berkeley Dynamic Threshold Voltage MOSFET with a Gate-to-Body Connection for Ultra-Low Voltage Operation
  Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology offers great promise for ultra large scale integrated circuits using sub-micron gate technology. However, in SOI MOSFETs, the monocrystalline silicon film is often unbiased or floating. Consequently, voltages typically larger than 0.6 volt are required to operate the device, and this exceeds the low-power requirements of the market.To address this problem, res...
 Stanford University Elastomer Spatial Light Modulators for EUV Lithography
  Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a promising technology for delineating critical dimensions of 100 nm or smaller. Due to the high cost and difficulties of fabricating defect-free EUV masks, using programmable spatial light modulators to replace masks seems to be a cost-effective alternative. We present the design and process for elastomer spatial light modulators that can be scaled to meet...
 University of California, Berkeley Electric-Field-Enhanced Photoresist Post-Exposure Processing
  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a methodology for enhancing the resist sensitivity and resolution based on confining the photoacid drift/diffusion by external alternating electric field. Applying the field to the resist film during postexposure bake can enhance the photoacid drift in the vertical direction, reduce the bake time, and thereby confine the lateral ...
 University of California, Los Angeles Electrical Modulation and Active Mode Locking of a Silicon Raman Laser and Application to Mid-IR
  Silicon has many desirable properties that make it useful for optical and optoelectronic integration. Heretofore, silicon has been employed in passive optoelectronic components such as waveguides. An approach to realizing an active silicon Raman laser is documented in UCLA Case 2005-171. The next step in silicon Raman lasers is to control the modulation, switching and active mode locking of the l...
 University of California, Los Angeles Electrochemically Fabricated Conductive Polymer Nanowire Sensors
  Several methods exist to produce nanowires for sensing. These involve carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires and polymerization of large arrays of oriented polyaniline nanowires. Current methods in using polymer nanostructures involve the use of carbon nanotubes onto which non-covalently attached receptors are applied. The issue with this approach is background noise, especially for solution-state s...
 Stanford University Electron Bombardment Source for Multiple Applications
  This invention describes a high-brightness semiconductor electron source capable of extremely fast switching speeds with laser illumination. The source of emission electrons is obtained through electron bombardment of a wide bandgap semiconductor target. The semiconductor source is equipped with an arrangement for producing and directing a beam of seed electrons at the target and a mechanism for c...
 Stanford University Electroosmotic micropumps with planar features
  Two types of electroosmotic micropumps with planar features have been invented that can be built and integrated with microfabricated devices. These pumps address the challenge posed by applications requiring high fluidic pressures in IC or microsystems applications. Electroosmotic pumping is induced by the application of electric field to a fluid channel with charged walls. The working liquids can...
 University of California, Berkeley Electrostatic Microactuator for Phase Micromirror Arrays
  Micromirror arrays represent a huge market opportunity in a variety of sectors from optical displays, scanners and communication switches, to maskless lithography and optical spectroscopy. In the conventional design of these arrays, mirrors are mounted on tiltable cantilevers. However, in high frequency and analog applications a phased-mirror approach would be more useful. In this design, mirrors ...
 University of California, Berkeley Electrostatic Microactuator for Phase Micromirror Arrays
  Micromirror arrays represent a huge market opportunity in a variety of sectors from optical displays, scanners and communication switches, to maskless lithography and optical spectroscopy. In the conventional design of these arrays, mirrors are mounted on tiltable cantilevers. However, in high frequency and analog applications a phased-mirror approach would be more useful. In this design, mirrors ...
 University of California, Berkeley Electrostatic Microactuator for Phase Micromirror Arrays
  Micromirror arrays represent a huge market opportunity in a variety of sectors from optical displays, scanners and communication switches, to maskless lithography and optical spectroscopy. In the conventional design of these arrays, mirrors are mounted on tiltable cantilevers. However, in high frequency and analog applications a phased-mirror approach would be more useful. In this design, mirrors ...
 University of California, Berkeley Electrostatic Microactuator for Phase Micromirror Arrays
  Micromirror arrays represent a huge market opportunity in a variety of sectors from optical displays, scanners and communication switches, to maskless lithography and optical spectroscopy. In the conventional design of these arrays, mirrors are mounted on tiltable cantilevers. However, in high frequency and analog applications a phased-mirror approach would be more useful. In this design, mirrors ...
 University of California, Berkeley Electrostatic Microactuator for Phase Micromirror Arrays
  Micromirror arrays represent a huge market opportunity in a variety of sectors from optical displays, scanners and communication switches, to maskless lithography and optical spectroscopy. In the conventional design of these arrays, mirrors are mounted on tiltable cantilevers. However, in high frequency and analog applications a phased-mirror approach would be more useful. In this design, mirrors ...
 University of California, Berkeley Electrostatic Microactuator for Phase Micromirror Arrays
  Micromirror arrays represent a huge market opportunity in a variety of sectors from optical displays, scanners and communication switches, to maskless lithography and optical spectroscopy. In the conventional design of these arrays, mirrors are mounted on tiltable cantilevers. However, in high frequency and analog applications a phased-mirror approach would be more useful. In this design, mirrors ...
 University of California, Berkeley Electrostatic Microactuator for Phase Micromirror Arrays
  Micromirror arrays represent a huge market opportunity in a variety of sectors from optical displays, scanners and communication switches, to maskless lithography and optical spectroscopy. In the conventional design of these arrays, mirrors are mounted on tiltable cantilevers. However, in high frequency and analog applications a phased-mirror approach would be more useful. In this design, mirrors ...
 Stanford University Electrostatically Tunable Surface Emitting Laser/Detector
  This invention is a microlaser or other optical device having a monolithically integrated Fabry-Perot cavity, which is tunable electrostatically in a quite simple manner. One of the applications of this invention would be in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), where many optical communication channels are transmitted at different wavelengths on the same optical fiber or waveguide, a single dev...
 California Institute of Technology Enhanced adhesion of films to semiconductors or metals by high energy bombardment
  Films (12) of a metal such as gold or other non-insulator materials are firmly bonded to other non-insulators such as semiconductor substrates (10), suitably silicon or gallium arsenide by irradiating the interface with high energy ions. The process result...
 Stanford University EPIC
  Engineering Portfolio of Inventions for Commercialization - search the website for more information about theEPIC Subscription Program. ...
 Stanford University Epitaxial Growth of GaAs on Ge/porous Si Substrates
  It is very desirable to grow high quality, thin layer of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) on Silicon (Si) for the application of high electron mobility transistors on Si. The invention enables monolithic integration of III-V materials and devices with conventional Si integrated circuit technology. This invention can extend data transmission rate to meet the International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor re...
 University of California, Berkeley Fabrication of Controllably Positioned and Aligned Synthetic Nanotubes
  Nanotubes are ideal for a variety of applications because they possess a unique and desirable combination of physical and electrical properties. However, current fabrication processes produce nanotubes with bulk techniques in which it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to control the physical and electrical properties of the nanostructures. The resulting nanotubes are consequently synthesi...
 University of California, Berkeley Fabrication of Controllably Positioned and Aligned Synthetic Nanotubes
  Nanotubes are ideal for a variety of applications because they possess a unique and desirable combination of physical and electrical properties. However, current fabrication processes produce nanotubes with bulk techniques in which it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to control the physical and electrical properties of the nanostructures. The resulting nanotubes are consequently synthesi...
 University of California, Berkeley Fabrication of Controllably Positioned and Aligned Synthetic Nanotubes
  Nanotubes are ideal for a variety of applications because they possess a unique and desirable combination of physical and electrical properties. However, current fabrication processes produce nanotubes with bulk techniques in which it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to control the physical and electrical properties of the nanostructures. The resulting nanotubes are consequently synthesi...
 University of California, Los Angeles Fabrication of Polyaniline Nanofiber Dispersions and Films
  Polyaniline nanofibers are among the most useful of conducting polymers due to their environmental stability and simple acid-base doping/de-doping chemistry. These nanostructures exhibit superior conducting and photothermal effects. A problem in processing polyaniline nanofibers is aggregation. Strategies for preventing aggregation are to coat nanoparticles with foreign capping agents and/or add ...
 California Institute of Technology Floating-gate semiconductor structures
  Hot-electron injection driven by hole impact ionization in the channel-to-drain junction of a p-channel MOSFET provides a new mechanism for writing a floating-gate memory. Various pFET floating-gate structures use a combination of this mechanism and electr...
 University of California, Davis FLUIDIC INTERCONNECTS FOR MODULAR ASSEMBLY OF CHEMICAL MICROSYSTEMS
  BACKGROUND: Traditional analytical instruments are large, expensive, and relegated tothe laboratory.Hence, there is increasing interest in replacing these instruments with small andinexpensive handheld units.Concomitant with this miniaturization is the need for miniaturefluidic interconnects.One of the challenges is bridging the scale from the micron scale ofmicrofabricated structures to the mill...
 Stanford University GaInNAsSb Quantum Well Semiconductor Devices
  With the advent of optical telecommunications, high quality signal transmission has increasingly important. To decrease the effects of dispersion through physical media (such as optical fiber), researchers have developed optical transmitters that emit long wavelength signals, by incorporating indium to increase wavelengths and nitrogen to reduce mechanical strain caused by the introduction of indi...
 Stanford University Gas Sensor for Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, and Water
  This invention uses a radiation source (such as a laser) to measure the presence of ammonia, carbon dioxide and water vapor; isolating the different absorption features from each other and enabling species-specific measurements without interference from primary bath gas constituents.Most applications for which measurements of trace ammonia concentration are pertinent include high background levels...
 Stanford University Ge-on-Insulator by Liquid-Phase Epitaxy on Si Substrate
  This invention introduces a simple method to make high-quality Ge film on insulator layer on silicon substrate. The introduced fabrication method provides Ge-on-insulator (GeOI) structures with a low-cost process compatible with base-line CMOS manufacturing. This invention facilitates both the Ge device fabrication and heterogeneous integration. It can also be used to grow other crystals. ...
 California Institute of Technology Giant planar hall effect in epitaxial ferromagnetic semiconductor devices
  Ferromagnetic semiconductor-based compositions, systems and methods that enable studies of the dynamics and magnetoresistance of individual magnetic domain walls, and which provide enhanced magnetic switching effects relative to metallic ferromagnets. Aspe...
 Stanford University Grating Angle Magnification Enhanced Angular Sensor and Scanner
  This invention demonstrates the use of diffraction orders from a grating for angular sensing signal beams, where this grating angular sensor can be far more sensitive than simple reflection scheme. This invention provides angular sensing in gravitational reference sensors (GRS), telescope pointing, and spacecraft control. ...
 Stanford University Gravitational Reference Sensor
  Dr. Ke-Xun Sun and Professor Byer at Stanford University have developed an all reflective grating based Gravitational Reference Sensor (GRS). This invention provides a method with higher precision distance measurement and timing compared to existing capacitive sensing method. The implementation of grating as beam splitter results in reducing the background signal and consequently increasing the pr...
 Stanford University Half-Wavelength Micropost Microcavity
  Researchers at Stanford have come up with a novel design for the distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) micropost microcavity that can result in a larger than twofold increase in the ratio of quality factor to mode volume relative to the traditional one-wavelength microposts of the same diameter and height. These new designs preserve the maximum electric field in the high-refractive-index region, which...
 Stanford University Harmonic Force Microscopy using Flexural Resonance
  Harmonic cantilevers provide new contrast mechanism for imaging and characterizing surfaces on the nanoscale. When a harmonic cantilever is used as a replacement for a regular cantilever in tapping-mode Atomic Force Microscopy, energy is efficiently transferred from the fundamental vibration mode to a specific higher order mode of the harmonic cantilever. The vibrations of the higher mode, which c...
 Stanford University Heat Infiltration of Conjugated Polymer Chains into Nanoporous Layers
  This infiltration technique allows conjugated polymer chains to be infiltrated into nanoporous materials rapidly and effectively. Following the infiltration process, a very high interfacial contact area is formed between the conjugated polymer semiconductor and the nanoporous material. The rapidity of the technique makes it very amenable to high volume manufacturing.Stage of Development:Several ty...
 Stanford University Heated Optical Modulator
  The invention introduces a novel semiconductor optical modulator that can operate over a predetermined wavelength range. This semiconductor modulator can operate over a wide temperature range. The temperature stability of this semiconductor modulator is particularly advantageous for telecommunication devices that operate over a wavelength range from about 1530 nm to about 1565 nm. Also, this inven...
 University of California, Los Angeles Helicon Plasma Source with Permanent Magnets
  Several industries, such as the semiconductor and packaging industries, commonly uses plasma generators in equipment designed for fabricating circuits with demanding precision requirements. Helicon sources have many industrial uses because of their superior efficiency in generating dense plasmas. However, these sources require a DC magnetic field, which increases the cost and complexity compared ...
 University of California, Los Angeles Hexagonal Nanoporous Ge Thru Surfactant Driven Self Organization of Zintl Clusters
  Surfactant templating is a method that has been successfully employed to produce complex periodic inorganic structures for a wide range of oxide-based material. These porous oxides are being explored for a range of applications that center around molecular size selection or the production of new optical materials. However, there are challenges to the production of non-oxide based semiconducting f...
 Stanford University High Efficiency Power Amplifier
  This invention solves the problem of achieving higher power efficiency compared to other existing methods of linear amplification. This pulse deletion modulation technique has shown increased efficiency rates as high as 60% at 100Mghz. Battery lifetime is significantly increased in products using linear power amplifiers such as cell phones, PDA's and other applications that use linear PA's. ...
 California Institute of Technology High performance thermoelectric materials and methods of preparation
  Transition metals (T) of Group VIII (Co, Rh and Ir) have been prepared as semiconductor alloys with Sb having the general formula TSb.sub.3. The skutterudite-type crystal lattice structure of these semiconductor alloys and their enhanced thermoelectric pro...
 Stanford University High Permittivity Dielectrics for Ge-based MOS Applications
  This invention introduces a novel method to build a high permittivity dielectric for Ge- based MOS applications, which is thermodynamically stable and has much higher permittivity than silicon dioxide. This discovery would be extremely advantageous for fabrication of Ge-based MOS devices needed for the sub-20 nm regime and is a very important advancement addressing the instability and low quality ...
 California Institute of Technology High power devices based on gallium nitride and aluminum gallium nitride semiconductor heterostructures
  High power thyristor-type devices comprising a first layer of p-type doped semiconductor alloy aluminum gallium nitride, a second layer of n-type doped aluminum gallium nitride with lower aluminum content than the first layer, a third layer of p-type doped...
 California Institute of Technology High speed CMOS imager with motion artifact supression and anti-blooming
  An image sensor includes pixels formed on a semiconductor substrate. Each pixel includes a photoactive region in the semiconductor substrate, a sense node, and a power supply node. A first electrode is disposed near a surface of the semiconductor substrate...
 University of California, Los Angeles High Surface Area Carbon Coating on Micro/Nano Three-dimensional Structures
  Carbon has found many applications in electrosynthesis and energy conversion systems. Due to its electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties, carbon electrodes have been extensively used in batteries and electrochemical sensors. In most of the current applications, the carbon layer is confined in the two-dimensional manner, with limited exposed area. To improve the performance of these carbon...
 Stanford University High-Speed Electrical Sampling Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope
  A potentiometry apparatus for measuring a periodic electrical waveform existing proximate the surface of a sample such as a semiconductor wafer is disclosed herein. The potentiometry apparatus includes a pulse generator for generating a sequence of electrical pulses at a pulse frequency offset from the frequency of the surface waveform by a mixing frequency. A cantilever coupled to the pulse gener...
 California Institute of Technology Hole impact ionization mechanism of hot electron injection and four-terminal .rho.FET semiconductor structure for long-term learning
  Hot-electron injection driven by a hole impact ionization mechanism at the channel-drain junction provides a new method of hot electron injection. Using this mechanism, a four-terminal pFET floating-gate silicon MOS transistor for analog learning applicati...
 California Institute of Technology Hydrogen-stabilized semiconductor devices
  Semiconductor devices, such as silicon-base MOS devices (10) and solar cells (50), degrade as a result of a variety of reasons, such as hot carriers, photons, and ionizing radiations. Degradation in such devices is cured by the presence of atomic hydrogen....
 California Institute of Technology Image sensor with motion artifact supression and anti-blooming
  An image sensor includes pixels formed on a semiconductor substrate. Each pixel includes a photoactive region in the semiconductor substrate, a sense node, and a power supply node. A first electrode is disposed near a surface of the semiconductor substrate...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved DRAM with Capacitorless Double-Gate
  The semiconductor industry has not solved the challenge of shrinking DRAM past the 1-4 gigabit generation without changes to cell design. Therefore developing a CMOS-compatible DRAM that can be scaled beyond the conventional 1T/1C DRAM cell would be a significant advancement.To address this opportunity, researchers at the University of California at Berkeley have developed a capacitorless, double-...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved DRAM with Capacitorless Double-Gate
  The semiconductor industry has not solved the challenge of shrinking DRAM past the 1-4 gigabit generation without changes to cell design. Therefore developing a CMOS-compatible DRAM that can be scaled beyond the conventional 1T/1C DRAM cell would be a significant advancement.To address this opportunity, researchers at the University of California at Berkeley have developed a capacitorless, double-...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Flash Memory Cell Scalable to Sub 50nm
  Aggressive scaling of semiconductor memory cells and the dramatic increase in memory size array demand high density/low cost flash memory. To succeed in the mass market, new generations of flash memory must also maintain or improve other important attributes such as retention time, programming speed, power consumption, and scalability, and must be compatible with existing fabrication processes and...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Flash Memory with Unique Trapping Material
  In designing flash EEPROM for mass market applications, important properties include, long retention time, fast programming speed with low programming voltage, low power consumption, scalability and costs.To improve these properties, researchers at the University of California at Berkeley have developed a novel flash EEPROM device. This Berkeley flash memory incorporates a special trapping materia...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Flash Memory with Unique Trapping Material
  In designing flash EEPROM for mass market applications, important properties include, long retention time, fast programming speed with low programming voltage, low power consumption, scalability and costs.To improve these properties, researchers at the University of California at Berkeley have developed a novel flash EEPROM device. This Berkeley flash memory incorporates a special trapping materia...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Method for Fabricating MEMS Devices with Moving Parts that Require Precise Gap Clearance
  Applying MEMS technology to miniaturize complex machinery has revolutionary commercial potential. To realize this potential, the moving parts of these micron-size machines often need to be fabricated with exacting gap clearance. However, existing approaches to achieving precision clearance typically require the moving parts of a MEMS device to be fabricated separately, and then manually assembled ...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Method for Fabricating MEMS Devices with Moving Parts that Require Precise Gap Clearance
  Applying MEMS technology to miniaturize complex machinery has revolutionary commercial potential. To realize this potential, the moving parts of these micron-size machines often need to be fabricated with exacting gap clearance. However, existing approaches to achieving precision clearance typically require the moving parts of a MEMS device to be fabricated separately, and then manually assembled ...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Method for Fabricating MEMS Devices with Moving Parts that Require Precise Gap Clearance
  Applying MEMS technology to miniaturize complex machinery has revolutionary commercial potential. To realize this potential, the moving parts of these micron-size machines often need to be fabricated with exacting gap clearance. However, existing approaches to achieving precision clearance typically require the moving parts of a MEMS device to be fabricated separately, and then manually assembled ...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Method for Fabricating MEMS Devices with Moving Parts that Require Precise Gap Clearance
  Applying MEMS technology to miniaturize complex machinery has revolutionary commercial potential. To realize this potential, the moving parts of these micron-size machines often need to be fabricated with exacting gap clearance. However, existing approaches to achieving precision clearance typically require the moving parts of a MEMS device to be fabricated separately, and then manually assembled ...
 University of California, Berkeley Improved Method for Fabricating MEMS Devices with Moving Parts that Require Precise Gap Clearance
  Applying MEMS technology to miniaturize complex machinery has revolutionary commercial potential. To realize this potential, the moving parts of these micron-size machines often need to be fabricated with exacting gap clearance. However, existing approaches to achieving precision clearance typically require the moving parts of a MEMS device to be fabricated separately, and then manually assembled ...
 Stanford University Inductive Substrate Bias Technique
  The desire to reduce cost and power is driving wireless integrated circuits to higher levels of integration. Although CMOS transistors have improved greatly over the years, they remain unsuitable for Transmit/Receive (T/R) switch. External discrete component, either GaAs MESFET or Si p-i-n diode, is needed as the T/R switch. In modern CMOS, the N-channel transistors typically share a P-type substr...
 Stanford University Integrated Array of Image Sensors
  The active imaging method (AIM) makes it possible to measure images from a controlled light source even in the presence of uncontrolled, stray ambient light. The method consists of an emitter, which emits temporally modulated light onto the scene or object, and a detector, which measures the reflected light. From the detected light, a processing means, such as a simple filter, distinguishes the re...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated charge monitor
  An integrated charge monitor for measuring a level of cumulative radiation exposure includes semiconductor devices having characteristics that change with a cumulative level of radiation to which the devices are exposed, different amounts of radiation shie...
 Stanford University Integrated Color Pixel (ICP)
  Current color sensor pixels utilize a two-stage process of designing an image sensor and a separate color filter, which is added after the semiconductor manufacturing process. The integrated color pixel (ICP) provides a method for bypassing this two stage process. The ICP utilizes spatial arrangements of metal wires between the lens and the photodetector to create a color filter integrated in the ...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated infrared and visible image sensors
  Semiconductor imaging devices integrating an array of visible detectors and another array of infrared detectors into a single module to simultaneously detect both the visible and infrared radiation of an input image. The visible detectors and the infrared ...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated semiconductor motion sensor
  An algorithm and circuits for sensing a moving optical stimulus. Three sequentially produced electrical signals at different locations in response to a moving stimulus are used to generate a monotonic function of velocity which is substantially insensitive...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated semiconductor-magnetic random access memory system
  The present disclosure describes a non-volatile magnetic random access memory (RAM) system having a semiconductor control circuit and a magnetic array element. The integrated magnetic RAM system uses CMOS control circuit to read and write data magnetoresis...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated semiconductor-magnetic random access memory system
  The present disclosure describes a non-volatile magnetic random access memory (RAM) system having a semiconductor control circuit and a magnetic array element. The integrated magnetic RAM system uses CMOS control circuit to read and write data magnetoresis...
 California Institute of Technology Integrated semiconductor-magnetic random access memory system
  A non-volatile magnetic random access memory (RAM) system having a semiconductor control circuit and a magnetic array element. The integrated magnetic RAM system uses CMOS control circuit to read and write data magnetoresistivity. The system provides a fas...
 University of California, Berkeley Integration of Advanced Structures with Conventional Integrated Circuits
  Technological advances have allowed computer microprocessors to handle data at an extraordinary rate. However, the electrical interconnects within and between microprocessor chips introduce a severe bottle-neck to the flow of data. A promising architecture for next generation interconnects is high-speed and high-bandwidth optical interconnects, which will require heterogeneous integration of compo...
 University of California, Berkeley Integration of Advanced Structures with Conventional Integrated Circuits
  Technological advances have allowed computer microprocessors to handle data at an extraordinary rate. However, the electrical interconnects within and between microprocessor chips introduce a severe bottle-neck to the flow of data. A promising architecture for next generation interconnects is high-speed and high-bandwidth optical interconnects, which will require heterogeneous integration of compo...
 University of California, Berkeley Integration of Advanced Structures with Conventional Integrated Circuits
  Technological advances have allowed computer microprocessors to handle data at an extraordinary rate. However, the electrical interconnects within and between microprocessor chips introduce a severe bottle-neck to the flow of data. A promising architecture for next generation interconnects is high-speed and high-bandwidth optical interconnects, which will require heterogeneous integration of compo...
 University of California, Irvine Interconnect Technology for Nanowires and Nanotubes
  University researchers have developed a method to provide wireless interconnects for nanodevices. More specifically, communication to and from a nanodevice is provided with a nanostructure-based antenna, preferably formed with a single-wall nanotube (SWNT). The use of a nanostructure-based antenna eliminates the need to provide a physical communicative connection to the nanodevice, while at the sa...
 Stanford University Interconnect with repeaters capable of becoming data buffers
  An interconnect circuit transmits data signals from a first terminal to a second terminal through a data line having a plurality of data driving circuits capable of temporarily interrupting or reestablishing data transmission in a portion of the data line responsive to congestion signals which propagate along a congestion line in a direction opposite the direction of data signal transmission. The ...
 University of California, Berkeley Internally Shunted Superconducting Josephson Junction
  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed an improved Josephson Junction device that can be used as a drop-in replacement for externally shunted tunnel junctions in superconducting integrated circuits....
 University of California, Berkeley Internally Shunted Superconducting Josephson Junction
  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed an improved Josephson Junction device that can be used as a drop-in replacement for externally shunted tunnel junctions in superconducting integrated circuits....
 California Institute of Technology Lateral coupled cavity semiconductor laser
  Two or more parallel waveguide lasers of different effective length are coupled together by their evanescent waves such that the composite structure functions as a single cavity having a longitudinal mode with resonances related to the resonances of the se...
 Stanford University LED Deep UV Source for Charge Management
  This invention introduces a light weight LED UV source to replace conventional UV source for charge management. The invented LED UV source consumes much less power and provided less charge bleeding compared to conventional mercury lamps. This invention can be applied as charge neutralizer in semiconductor process equipment as well as different types of spectroscopy for material characterization. A...
 Stanford University Local Oscillator Phase Alignment System for Cartesian Feedback Power Amplifiers
  The invention is a method of continuously regulating phase alignment between local oscillator signals in the modulator and demodulator of a Cartesian feedback system. A prototype has been built which successfully demonstrates the principle of operation. ...
 Stanford University Long lived, low vacuum operation, and high performance group III-nitride photocathode for the generation of multiple electron beams.
  Researchers at Stanford designed an improved photocathode that can generate multiple electron beams. The top activation layer of the photocathode is a Cs monolayer, which rests on top of the group III-nitride layer. The group III nitride material can achieve efficient and high performances by reducing the vacuum level at the surface below the conduction band minimum in its bulk or negative electro...
 Stanford University Low Power Data management Architecture for Wireless communications Signal Processing
  This data management design is an efficient structure for operand preparation and data movement among different memory hierarchies in wireless communications. It reduces power consumption and overall processing latency. A system has been modeled in Verilog HDL to demonstrate feasibility. Simulation in C/C++ show significant performance improvement. Issued US Patent 6,128,724 can be viewed at the f...
 Stanford University Low Temperature Growth of Single Wall Carbon Nanotube with PECVD
  This invention introduces a novel technique for the growth of desired Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) using plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). This lower temperature process compared to the existing Chemical Vapor Deposition process enhances the compatibility of CNT structure with CMOS circuits for potential hybrid electronics. The nature of the plasma process preferentially allows the form...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Temperature Process for Fabricating Thin Film Transistors
  One of the biggest challenges in the flat panel display industry today is eliminating or minimizing the defects in individual pixels or sub-pixels that occur in the LCD manufacturing process. Currently, the industry tolerates a minimal number of bright and dark pixel defects, but a significant manufacture cost can be attributed to panels with defects that exceed the industry standards. Defects are...
 Stanford University Low Temperature Process for Fabrication of Silicon Nanocrystals
  This technology enables the parallel fabrication of sub-100 nm islands of crystalline silicon on amorphous substrate by a low-temperature process (< 350 C). These islands are ideal templates for fabrication of high quality transistors for a Three-Dimensional (3D) Integrated Circuit (IC). ...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Voltage MEMS Flash Memory
  Aggressive scaling of semiconductor memory cells and the dramatic increase in the memory size array demand high density/low cost flash memory. Floating gate flash memory devices are the state-of-the-art in commercial nonvolatile memory, although they suffer from slow programming speed and show a degradation in performance after approximately 105 program/erase cycles. Also, achieving the benchmark ...
 University of California, Berkeley Low Voltage MEMS Flash Memory
  Aggressive scaling of semiconductor memory cells and the dramatic increase in the memory size array demand high density/low cost flash memory. Floating gate flash memory devices are the state-of-the-art in commercial nonvolatile memory, although they suffer from slow programming speed and show a degradation in performance after approximately 105 program/erase cycles. Also, achieving the benchmark ...
 Stanford University Measurement of Metallic Film Thickness Using a New Optical Technique
  The fabrication of integrated circuits relies on measurement tools that can provide accurate information on the thickness of dielectric and metallic thin films. Numerous techniques exist for the measurement of dielectric films; however, these methods are ineffective for measuring metallic films, in particular Cu interconnects, which link electronic transistors in integrated circuits. This inventio...
 California Institute of Technology Mercury chalcogenide contact for semiconductor devices
  An improved contact material for use in the fabrication of semiconductor devices is provided. This material comprises one of the mercury chalcogenides. The application of this material to a nondegenerate semiconductor may be made by the process of evaporat...
 University of California, Davis Method For Co-Fabricating Strained and Relaxed Crystalline and Poly Crystalline Structures
  A novel process for co-fabricating strained and relaxed crystalline and poly crystalline structures on a single silicon-based substrate has been developed by researchers at the University of California, Davis.The ultra-thin silicon layers of today's integrated circuits are responsible for the dramatic advances in computer system performance over the past 20 years. However, continuing innovation ha...
 Stanford University Method for Enhancing CMOS Image Sensor Dynamic Range and SNR
  CMOS image sensors generally suffer from lower dynamic range and SNR than CCDs due to their higher readout noise. A method of reducing CMOS imager readout noise is invented such that the output digital image will have higher dynamic range and SNR than using conventional method. Our method requires very small amount of memory and low computational complexity, which makes its implementation in a sin...
 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Method for imaging informational biological molecules on a semiconductor substrate
  Imaging biological molecules such as DNA at rates several times faster than conventional imaging techniques is carried out using a patterned silicon wafer having nano-machined grooves which hold individual molecular strands and periodically spaced unique b...
 California Institute of Technology Method for tailoring the two-dimensional spatial gain distribution in optoelectronic devices and its application to tailored gain broad area semiconductor lasers capable of high power operation with very narrow single lobed farfield patterns
  A method of providing an optoelectronic device is disclosed in which the spatial gain profile within the device is tailored by a predetermined pattern of injecting and noninjecting contacts over the surface of the device with variation in the fractional su...
 University of California, Los Angeles Method of Detecting Molecular Interactions Using Nano-Chemical Sensors as Attachment Platform and Signal Detection Medium in Solid-Phase Assays
  1. Electronic detection of biomolecules has been accomplished before using Field Effect Transistor (FET) devices. This method utilizes the gate of the devices as the detection surface. The configuration does not allow the required sensitivity, and acts essentially as a PH sensor.2. Single nanowires of certain materials and carbon nanotubes as conducting channels of electronic devices have also be...
 University of California, Los Angeles Method of Detecting Molecular Interactions Using Nano-Chemical Sensors as Attachment Platform and Signal Detection Medium in Solid-Phase Assays
  1. Electronic detection of biomolecules has been accomplished before using Field Effect Transistor (FET) devices. This method utilizes the gate of the devices as the detection surface. The configuration does not allow the required sensitivity, and acts essentially as a PH sensor.2. Single nanowires of certain materials and carbon nanotubes as conducting channels of electronic devices have also be...
 California Institute of Technology Method of electroplating of high aspect ratio metal structures into semiconductors
  By using electron beam lithography, chemically assisted ion beam etching, and electroplating, high aspect ratio magnetic columns, 60 nm-170 nm in diameter, which are embedded in an aluminum-gallium-oxide/gallium-arsenide (Al.sub.0.9 Ga.sub.0.1).sub.2 0.sub...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating a Self-Aligned, High Speed MOSFET Device
  As advances in the miniaturization of MOSFETs continue into sub-micron dimensions, the non-ideal behavior caused by the short channel effect is becoming increasingly problematic.To alleviate the short channel effect, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new method to fabricate high-speed MOSFET devices. This new method includes both a punchthrough stopper in the c...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating a Self-Aligned, High Speed MOSFET Device
  As advances in the miniaturization of MOSFETs continue into sub-micron dimensions, the non-ideal behavior caused by the short channel effect is becoming increasingly problematic.To alleviate the short channel effect, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed a new method to fabricate high-speed MOSFET devices. This new method includes both a punchthrough stopper in the c...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Silicon Wafers with Multiple Thickness Gate Oxide Using Oxygen Implantation
  Future sub-5 nanometer silicon wafers will feature sophisticated combinations of multiple embedded logic circuits, memory elements, and supply voltages. These new combinations necessitate the fabrication of multiple gate oxide thicknesses on a single wafer. Current techniques involve a pre-gate oxide nitrogen implantation and a reduced thermal oxidation rate at the implanted region. However, sever...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Three-Dimensional, Nano-scale Surface Features with Precisely Controlled Shapes
  The production of surface nano-features with precisely controlled 3-D shapes has many important applications in the fabrication of nano-scale integrated circuits. Some techniques have been developed to make these nano-features but they have commercial limitations such as high temperatures that damage or deform substrates.To address this opportunity, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a comm...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Three-Dimensional, Nano-scale Surface Features with Precisely Controlled Shapes
  The production of surface nano-features with precisely controlled 3-D shapes has many important applications in the fabrication of nano-scale integrated circuits. Some techniques have been developed to make these nano-features but they have commercial limitations such as high temperatures that damage or deform substrates.To address this opportunity, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a comm...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Three-Dimensional, Nano-scale Surface Features with Precisely Controlled Shapes
  The production of surface nano-features with precisely controlled 3-D shapes has many important applications in the fabrication of nano-scale integrated circuits. Some techniques have been developed to make these nano-features but they have commercial limitations such as high temperatures that damage or deform substrates.To address this opportunity, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a comm...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Three-Dimensional, Nano-scale Surface Features with Precisely Controlled Shapes
  The production of surface nano-features with precisely controlled 3-D shapes has many important applications in the fabrication of nano-scale integrated circuits. Some techniques have been developed to make these nano-features but they have commercial limitations such as high temperatures that damage or deform substrates.To address this opportunity, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a comm...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Three-Dimensional, Nano-scale Surface Features with Precisely Controlled Shapes
  The production of surface nano-features with precisely controlled 3-D shapes has many important applications in the fabrication of nano-scale integrated circuits. Some techniques have been developed to make these nano-features but they have commercial limitations such as high temperatures that damage or deform substrates.To address this opportunity, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a comm...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Three-Dimensional, Nano-scale Surface Features with Precisely Controlled Shapes
  The production of surface nano-features with precisely controlled 3-D shapes has many important applications in the fabrication of nano-scale integrated circuits. Some techniques have been developed to make these nano-features but they have commercial limitations such as high temperatures that damage or deform substrates.To address this opportunity, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a comm...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Fabricating Three-Dimensional, Nano-scale Surface Features with Precisely Controlled Shapes
  The production of surface nano-features with precisely controlled 3-D shapes has many important applications in the fabrication of nano-scale integrated circuits. Some techniques have been developed to make these nano-features but they have commercial limitations such as high temperatures that damage or deform substrates.To address this opportunity, researchers at UC Berkeley have developed a comm...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Forming Low Temperature Conductors Using Nanoparticles
  Metallic conductors are technologically important as a means of interconnecting and contacting semiconducting devices, as well as in the formation of passive electronic components. For many applications, it is crucial that the conductor formation process occurs at a low temperature to ensure proper fabrication. However, common conductor formation methods have an annealing temperature of 200°C ...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Forming Low Temperature Conductors Using Nanoparticles
  Metallic conductors are technologically important as a means of interconnecting and contacting semiconducting devices, as well as in the formation of passive electronic components. For many applications, it is crucial that the conductor formation process occurs at a low temperature to ensure proper fabrication. However, common conductor formation methods have an annealing temperature of 200°C ...
 University of California, Berkeley Method of Forming Low Temperature Conductors Using Nanoparticles
  Metallic conductors are technologically important as a means of interconnecting and contacting semiconducting devices, as well as in the formation of passive electronic components. For many applications, it is crucial that the conductor formation process occurs at a low temperature to ensure proper fabrication. However, common conductor formation methods have an annealing temperature of 200°C ...
 Stanford University Method of Generating Spin-Polarized Electric Current and Spintronic Devices
  This invention introduces a device and an effective method for generating a highly spin polarized electric current by applying an electric field across the nonmagnetic semiconductor structure. This approach presents a superior device and method for generating spin polarizes current by using semiconductor materials that results in a better control in the carrier transport compared to conventional s...
 Stanford University Method of High Dynamic Range Image Formation and Motion De-blurring in CMOS image Sensor
  Blurring due to object or camera motion during image capture can cause substantial degradation in image quality. The previously developed image blur restoration methods have limited applicability and their computational burden can be quite substantial. A method of simultaneously constructing a high dynamic range image and performing motion blur restoration during image captures using CMOS image se...
 University of Southern California Method of Making Avalanche Photodiode / Avalanche Photodiode with Floating Guard Ring
  The disclosed invention directs to a semiconductor material avalanche photodiode of a separate multiplication and absorption region heterostructure design (SAM-APD). The improved SAM-APD is characterized by a plurality of floating guard rings which are separated about a central region and doped in the opposite high concentration from that of the multiplication region in which they are positioned. ...
 California Institute of Technology Methods for forming semiconductor lenses on substrates
  A lens is formed out of semiconductor material. The semiconductor produces light which is coupled to the lens. The lens focuses the light and also minimizes refractive reflection. The lens is formed by a graded aluminum alloy, which is oxidized in a latera...
 California Institute of Technology Methods for manufacturing group IV element alloy semiconductor materials and devices that include such materials
  Sn.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x alloys that are substantially free of compositional inhomogeneities and Sn segregation, and have a measurable direct band gap. Methods for making the Sn.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x alloys are also disclosed....
 California Institute of Technology Methods of electrostatic control in semiconductor devices
  A semiconductor light-emitting device having one or more depletion regions that are controlled by one or more control electrodes to vary the spatial distribution of the carriers in an active layer. The voltages on the control electrodes can be controlled t...
 Stanford University Microfabricated, encoded particles for high throughput solid phase synthesis and screening
  In a commercial scale laboratory for high throughput screening, up to 100,000 compounds may be tested in a single day for some specific biological activity of interest. The ability to easily manipulate, yet still uniquely identify and track each potential drug from synthesis to final testing and analysis is essential. This invention offers a novel format for encoded particles which can be used in ...
 University of California, Berkeley Micromachined Z-Axis Vibratory Rate Gyroscope
  Multiaxis sensors are highly desirable for inertial sensing of motion in three dimensions. Previously such sensors were constructed of relatively large and expensive electromagnetic devices. More recently, micromechanical sensors have been fabricated using semiconductor processign techniques. Such microfabricated sensors may be mass produced at low cost.Researchers at the University of California,...
 University of California, Berkeley Micromachined Z-Axis Vibratory Rate Gyroscope
  Multiaxis sensors are highly desirable for inertial sensing of motion in three dimensions. Previously such sensors were constructed of relatively large and expensive electromagnetic devices. More recently, micromechanical sensors have been fabricated using semiconductor processign techniques. Such microfabricated sensors may be mass produced at low cost.Researchers at the University of California,...
 University of California, Berkeley Microneedles Formed Vertically Within a Semiconductor Substrate
  Traditionally, needles for biomedical applications have been fabricated from stainless steel. Recently techniques have been developed for forming needles from semiconductor materials, usually in the horizontal plane of a semiconductor substrate. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley have developed an improved needle fabrication method, whereby needles are formed vertically in a sem...