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University of California, Los Angeles
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5-lipoxygenase, a New Therapeutic and Diagnostic Target for Heart Disease Management
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Heart disease remains by far the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the US and other Western countries. Effective treatments for coronary artery disease (CAD) include statins and blood pressure medications. However, therapies involving different treatment strategies are needed to enhance clinical outcomes for heart disease patients. Researchers at UCLA have identified a 5-Lipoxygenase (5L...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Capacity Coupled Pulsed Signaling Bus Interface
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Although the internal clock frequency of CMOS chips is at over a few tens of GHz due to the technology scaling; however, the off-chip I/O signaling speed has been scaling much more slowly. The CMOS high-speed serial links already entered multi-Gb/s/pin speeds by using point-to-point connections, but the speed of parallel multi-drop or multi-point bus (e.g. memory interfaces) is still in less than...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Human Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma Xenograft Model of Theintravasation Step of Metastasis
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Most women that die from breast cancers do not succumb to the original disease but from the metastatic spread of the disease to other organs of the body. In order for tumors to metastasize, the cancerous cells must enter the body's vasculature and travel by way of the blood system, a process known as intravasation. Though the mechanism is poorly understood, recent experimental evidence has sugge...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Human Inflammatory Breast Carcinoma Xenograft Model of Theintravasation Step of Metastasis
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Most women that die from breast cancers do not succumb to the original disease but from the metastatic spread of the disease to other organs of the body. In order for tumors to metastasize, the cancerous cells must enter the body's vasculature and travel by way of the blood system, a process known as intravasation. Though the mechanism is poorly understood, recent experimental evidence has sugge...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Hybrid Parameteric Interpolator for Multi-Axis Parametric Curve Interpolation
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Parametric curves such as Bezier curves, B-splines, and NURBS are widely used in modern CAD/CAM tools. All motion controlled equipped to modern computer-controlled multi-axis machines, like CNC machines, CMM machines, robots, and motion simulators, need interpolators to process these parametric curves. Additionally, motion interpolators are used in CAD animation for movies and video games....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Knowledge Based Approach for Scenario Specific Content Correlation in a Medical Digital Library
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Researchers in the UCLA Department of Computer Science have developed and reduced to practice algorithms and methods for obtaining information, primarily medical information, from free text sources, such as patient medical records. The techniques involve 3 sets of innovations: (1) keyword extraction and indexing, (2) query expansion and (3) phrase based vector space models of document retrieval....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Knowledge-Based Method for Indexing Clinical Trials
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Several methods are proposed in the literature for mapping free text into terms controlled by the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). However, methods such as natural language processing (NLP) are not appropriate for Web-based applications. Some important concepts cannot be discovered through the static identification using noun phrases. Also, NLP tools work offline. It would be preferable fo...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Knowledge-Based Method for Indexing Clinical Trials
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Several methods are proposed in the literature for mapping free text into terms controlled by the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). However, methods such as natural language processing (NLP) are not appropriate for Web-based applications. Some important concepts cannot be discovered through the static identification using noun phrases. Also, NLP tools work offline. It would be preferable fo...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Method for Lithographic Processing on Molecular Monolayer and Multilayer Thin Films
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The current methods of fabricating molecular electronics devices involve the following simplified steps:1. A wafer (or chip) that has been prepatterned with an electrode pattern2. Is coated with a molecular monolayer or multilayer thin film3. A very thin protective metal film that uniformly wets the molecular layer is then deposited on top of the molecular layer4. A photolithography or electron b...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Method to Design Symmetrical Nanomaterials using Self-assembling Proteins
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The emerging field of nanotechnology has allowed the ability to design and fabricate novel small materials with sizes or length scales in the nanometer range that can serve complex functions. These materials fall into a variety of architectural classes, such as compact cluster, hollow shells, tubes, two-dimensional layers, and three-dimensional molecular networks. These materials can subsequently...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Method To Fabricate Polymer Solar Cells
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Organic solar cells have attracted significant research and commercial interest due to their low cost fabrication and flexibility. However, they suffer from relatively low conversion efficiency rates. This is due to the fact that the bottleneck of organic solar cells is the carrier transport from the (p-n) interface to the metal electrodes. BHJ provides a way to improve carrier transport across t...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Method to Induce Anti-Viral Responses
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The innate immune system is capable of recognizing a wide variety of pathogens and rapidly induces a number of antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. Toll- like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in innate immunity by recognizing structurally conserved motifs on these pathogens called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). Ten TLRs have been cloned in mammals, and each receptor ap...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A MXXXL Motif Confering Endocytosis of Biomolecules
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Endocytosis is an essential process in living cells that ensures proper regulation of the surface expression of membrane receptors and enzymes. This process is generally regulated by specific sequence motif in the cytoplasmic tail of internalizing proteins. The two major internalization motifs reported are tyrosine-based and di-leucine-based signals.Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a p...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A New Ultrafast Photodetector with High Efficiency and High Saturation Power
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In analog fiber optic links, high optical power is desirable to improve the link gain and signal-to-noise ratio. However, today's fast photodetectors tend to saturate at very low optical power because of small active areas and high optical power density. Additionally, although high speed operation has been demonstrated in surface-illuminating type photodetectors, they are limited by the trade-of...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Novel Approach to Process Network Synthesis
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Process network synthesis problems are typically formulated as nonlinear or mixed integer optimization problems. These problems are difficult to solve and optimality in many cases cannot be proven or even attained....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Novel System for Measuring Protease Activity
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Proteases or enzymes with proteolytic activity are fundamental to many key biological processes such as cell growth, cell death, blood clotting, matrix remodeling and immune defense. A large number of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and multi-cellular parasites also use proteases to infect host cells, complete their life cycle and degrade the host immune system. Proteases have also been f...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Novel Treatment for Bone Cells that Results in Increased Bone Formation
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Osteoporotic bone loss is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the aging population. This is a result of increased bone resorption by osteoclastic cells and decreased bone formation by osteoblastic cells with age and after menopause in women. Accumulating evidence suggests that the number and activity of osteoblastic cells decrease with age, however the reason for this change is not clear...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Protein of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Stimulates Interleukin-12 Production
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UCLA investigators have identified a use for bacterial lipopeptides as a potent inducer of IL-12 production and resulting type 1/Th-1 T-cell response. The technology encompasses a broad range of lipoproteins of defined structure that can be administered to a subject to trigger type 1/Th1 T cell response required for cell-mediated immunity in the context of infection, autoimmune disease or cancer...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Sensitive Biomarker of Low-Level Lead Exposure
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Increasing concerns about biological hazards of minute quantities of lead have recently resulted in downward revision of national toxicity standards from the previous 40 micrograms lead/deciliter of blood to 20µg lead/dl, creating a need for sensitive biomarkers of very low body burdens. Currently available tests are subject to numerous limitations such as unreliability and lack of sensiti...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Serum Tumor Associated Antigen for Metastatic Prostate Cancer
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Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in American men. Since prostate cancer is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease, a majority of men with this malignancy harbor slow-growing tumors that may not impact an individual's natural lifespan, while others are struck by rapidly progressive, metastatic tumors. Screening for pros...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Thin-film Nickel-Titanium Biomedical Implantable Valve: The "NiTi Valve"
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Even in the modern era of device technology, prosthetic heart valves have many inherent problems and limitations as surrogates for defective human heart valves. While mechanical valves remain thrombogenic despite coumadin anticoagulation therapy, valves produced from animal tissue can calcify and suffer limited longevity. Furthermore, because currently available prosthetic heart valves are extrem...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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A Thin-film Nickel-Titanium Biomedical Implantable Valve: The "NiTi Valve"
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Even in the modern era of device technology, prosthetic heart valves have many inherent problems and limitations as surrogates for defective human heart valves. While mechanical valves remain thrombogenic despite coumadin anticoagulation therapy, valves produced from animal tissue can calcify and suffer limited longevity. Furthermore, because currently available prosthetic heart valves are extrem...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Adaptive Pre-Fetch Scheme with GUI
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UCLA researchers have developed an adaptive prefetch scheme that may be applied to almost any network application in which files on a remote server may be needed and for which it is possible to estimate the probability of accessing the files. The most obvious example is web browsing. This prefetch scheme has two main components:1. an adaptive prefetch algorithm, which can be used to obtain files...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Algorithmic Method for NIR Image Reconstruction
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A new algorithm is available that effectively enables the non-invasive imaging of human tissue using near infrared (NIR) light. This algorithm enables the reconstruction of position-dependent optical absorption coefficients in the NIR region (700-800nm). It provides the basis for a new method of NIR image reconstruction and the development of commercially successful NIR scanner systems with impr...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Amorphous Ferroelectric Materials
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A variety of new amorphous ferroelectric materials are formed by a sol-gel process. This is accomplished at temperatures well below the temperatures at which crystallization occurs. Soluble transition metal complexes in organic solvents are used as precursors to ceramic films. These solutions may be spincast on essentially any substrate, conductor or nonconductor, crystalline or amorphous, trans...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Animal Imaging Chamber for Reproducible Positioning in Repetitive and Cross-platform Imaging
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and optical imaging have become useful and standard tools for researchers to non-invasively monitor physiological, anatomical, and molecular events in living animals. In vivo imaging provides important information into disease development, therapeutic...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Anti-Microbial Targeting for Intracellular Pathogens
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Antibiotics are used, often in high doses, to combat many infectious diseases. One such disease is tuberculosis, which is becoming more prevalent in our country and worldwide. Tuberculosis is caused by an intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. No method currently exists to precisely target the intracellular compartment in which the parasites associated with M.tuberculosis and other i...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Anti-Sense Oligonucleotide Targeted Prophylactic and Chemotherapeutic Agent Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
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As Mycobacterium tuberculosis develops resistance to conventional antibiotics used to treat disease, new strategies of prevention and therapy are needed.Previously it was not known that antisense oligonucleotides directed against mRNA of genes encoding M. tuberculosis proteins could be used therapeutically or prophylactically. Researchers at UCLA have demonstrated that several different antisens...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Anti-Vault Therapy for Multi-Drug Resistance to Chemotherapy
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Vaults are recently discovered large cellular particles made of proteins and unique small RNA. Vaults are present in large quantities in all eukaryotic cells and are thought to mediate transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The size and symmetry of vaults is similar to the transporter of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) with which it is thought to interact. Very recently a high correlati...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Application of a Conducting Polymer as Electric Glue and Lead-Free Solders
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Organic materials are good candidates for electric glue, since they have a low melting temperature and their chemical structure can be readily modified to bond to a variety of materials through a chemical reaction or crosslinking or by exposure to light. However the advantage of organic materials has not been fully explored....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Artificial Human Mutation Controls for Clinical Diagnostic Genetic and Proficiency Testing
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The rapid pace of disease gene discovery, fueled by the Human Genome Project, has caused an explosion in the number of analytes tested by molecular diagnostic laboratories, especially those involved in heritable disease testing. The lack of well-characterized control materials containing mutations of interest to serve as positive controls in the assays creates a major problem for genetic testing...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Astart: A Scheme for Performance Improvement of the Startup of TCP Connections
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High speed networks with large bandwidth and long propagation delays post 2 problems for TCP performance. First, if ssthresh is set too high, compared to the path bandwidth delay product, there is the danger too many packets are generated too fast, causing multiple losses at the bottleneck router, resulting in a coarse Timeout. Or, if ssthresh is set too low, the connection exists Slow-Start prem...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Automated Intelligent Image Slice Selector
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Advances in imaging, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), during the past two decades have provided an unparalleled view into human anatomy and function and the understanding of the disease state. At the same time, however, a massive amount of data created by this technology has resulted in "information overload" for physicians to view these studies. There are in principle several pr...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Automated Intelligent Image Slice Selector
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Advances in imaging, particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), during the past two decades have provided an unparalleled view into human anatomy and function and the understanding of the disease state. At the same time, however, a massive amount of data created by this technology has resulted in "information overload" for physicians to view these studies. There are in principle several pr...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Backfire-to-Endfire Leaky-Wave Antenna
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Conventional leaky-wave antennas use higher-order modes to frequency scan and as a consequence are limited to scanning half-space (broadside-to-endfire). In addition, special feeding structures must be added to suppress the dominant frequency mode. These additional elements increase the system's size and cost....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Bacterial Growth Media Derived from Non-mammalian Components
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Bacteriological growth media have traditionally been derived from animal, especially bovine, products that are high in nutritional value. These include tissues such as blood, serum, or chopped meat but can also be derived from broths, infusions or extracts of tissues (meat, brain, heart, liver) as well as enzymatic or acidic hydrolysates of meat, gelatin or milk casein. These nutrients, however,...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Biometrically Secure Embedded Authentication System
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Security of embedded systems is becoming a critical issue as most of these systems contain or transmit sensitive data. Biometrics is a popular means for access control and authentication. It consists of the biological or behavioral unique characteristics that a person possesses. Because such characteristics are not easily forged, cannot be forgotten, and are not easily guessed, they can be used f...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Blood Test that Predicts Good Prognosis in AIDS
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Protective immunity mediated by CD8 T cells is believed to play an important role in the outcome of human immunodeficiency type I (HIV) disease. UCLA researchers have identified and quantified by flow cytometry a specific subpopulation of CD8 T cells whose levels, when analyzed by the method of the invention, appear to predict the future course of disease in HIV-infected individuals. A two-year ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Breakthrough Treatment for the Learning and Memory Deficiencies Associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
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Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a severe and disabling neurological disorder that leads to cognitive impairment. As a result, most patients exhibit learning and attention deficits that include compromised visual-spatial function, language skills and executive function. Currently, there are no treatments for the learning disabilities associated with NF1. Recent studies in mice have begun to eluc...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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C-MYC Transgenic Mouse
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UCLA Researchers have developed a novel mouse model for prostate cancer which will be useful for preclinical trials and biochemical assays. The mouse model is unique in that it incorporates a naturally occuring oncogene implicated in a significant fraction of human prostate cancer and accurately reflects the gradual progression of human prostate cancer from prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (P...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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CapProbe: An End-to-End Method for Estimating Narrow Link Capacity
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The capacity of a path is defined as the minimum physical bandwidth among all the link traversed by a path. Such a link has been called the Narrow Link. Note that this notion of capacity is different from the available bandwidth, which is the minimum of the unused capacities among the link of a path. The capacity is fixed for a path, whereas the available bandwidth is time varying. Our focus is t...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Cascaded Cavity Silicon Raman Laser
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Silicon has many desirable properties that make it useful for optical and optoelectronic integration. Heretofore, silicon has been employed in passive optoelectronic components such as waveguides. However, silicon is generally perceived to be void of useful nonlinear optical properties needed for active optical functions such as wavelength conversion and amplification. An approach to realizing ac...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Catalyst Doping to Improve Catalyst Lifetime
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ALUMINA-SUPPORTED METAL CATALYSTS The following diagram shows an alumina-supported metal catalyst:The catalyst is typically a powder, having particles of metal (nickel, palladium, platinum) adhered to particles of the support, in this case alumina. The catalyst reacts with a precursor chemical (oil, hydrogen, etc) to facilitate the chemical synthesis of a more useful product. The reaction works b...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Catalyzed Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition (OMCVD) of Metal Films
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Deposition of thin metal films from volatile organometallic precursors usually is accompanied by the undesirable incorporation of heteroatom contaminants derived from the precursor ligands. The novel OMCVD process that has been developed allows the ready deposition of pure, thin films of metals which are not deposited, or not easily deposited, in high purity. This process involves the prior depo...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Cell Lines for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Smooth Muscle Cells
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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multi-focal neoplasm frequently associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. As many as 40% of patients with HIV infection will be afflicted with this tumor, which causes cosmetic deformity, morbidity and occasional death. KS cell lines are desirable tools for the investigation of KS properties and drug testing. However, KS lines are notoriously difficult to...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Cell-Type Specific Intracellular Delivery Using 3E10 Mutant
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In vivo methods for cell type specific intracellular delivery of therapeutic molecules, (such as proteins and nucleic acids) to targeted tissue sites have remained limited. Investigators at UCLA have developed a murine monoclonal anti-dsDNA autoantibody mAB 3E10 and its single chain Fv (scFv) fragment. Both the whole antibody and the scFv are transported selectively into the nucleus of skeletal ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Chimeric Germline RNA that Controls Immunoglobulin Class Switching
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Antibody diversity occurs as a consequence of somatic rearrangement in the immunoglobulin region of germline DNA followed by RNA splicing of the transcripts. Although germline transcripts have been shown to be necessary for class switching, their exact role in class switching is unknown. Sequences involved in, and a mechanism of Trans-splicing has been identified in trypanosomes and nematodes, h...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Chordin, a Secreted BMP Antagonist
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The study of molecular mechanism within morphogenesis provides substantial therapeutic values since signal molecules involved in the process have potential utilities in regenerating tissues and organs. The chordin gene had previously been studied and its role in organ development elucidated in Xenopus. In situ hybridization data from the study indicated that the gene is expressed in the frog emb...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Clinical Tool for Determining Anti-Aggregation Activity of Alzheimer's Therapeutics
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Currently, there are more than twenty therapeutic agents in development for Alzheimer's disease. The tool to measure the therapeutic effectiveness of these agents, however, remains to be the standard memory test that measures memory loss, a late-stage symptom reflective of irreversible neuronal cell death. A more informative clinical tool is therefore needed to monitor the effect of therapy on di...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Cloned Vesicular Amine Transporters and Methods for Drug Screeningand Gene Therapy
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Classical neurotransmitters accumulate in the cytoplasm after both synthesis and reuptake from the synapse by the plasma membrane transporter. The neurotransmitters are then transported into and stored within vesicles for subsequent release. Now, for the first time, two vesicular transporters have been cloned by investigators at the UCLA School of Medicine. The cloned transporters recognize amin...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Coated Filter for Growing Reusable Organotypic Tissue Slices
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Slice cultures are one of the most valuable in vitro preparations for pharmacological, electrophysiological (such as patch-clamp) and morphological studies on brain tissue. Over the past two decades, many different procedures for organotypic brain slice cultures have been tested and published. The two most successful methods are (1) the roller tube technique (Gahwiler BH, J. Neurosci. Meth. 4.1...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Coherent Optical Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Communication
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The advantage of MMF versus single-mode optical fiber (SMF), or similarly, multimode waveguides over single mode waveguides, is the ease of optical alignment which translates into lower cost manufacturing. However, this advantage comes at a severe penalty in speed and distance. These limits are due to multiple optical paths traveling down the length of the medium, a phenomenon also called modal d...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Collision Avoidance System
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The problem of safely coordinating the motion of several agents has received a great deal of attention, both in robotics and for other applications. Most of the existing techniques require a central authority and/or can only be proven safe for a small number of agents. When looking at Air Traffic Control and other applications, the need for a decentralized system that is scalable to many agents i...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Composite Right/Left-Handed Couplers
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A well-known problem of conventional microstrip parallel-coupled couplers is that of achieving a tight backward-wave coupling because of the excessively small line-gap required. Alternative solutions include non-coupled-line couplers such as the branch-line or rat-race, are inherently narrowband (<15%)....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Compounds for use in Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs)
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Researchers in the UCLA Department of Chemistry have developed a new class of compounds for use in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and a method of preparation. Novel compounds that include the structure of Indolizino [3,4,5-ab] Isoindole are prepared. These compounds have high luminescence and narrow spectra. OLEDs with the invented compounds show good performance at room temperature in b...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Conductivity Enhancement of a Polymer Film via Inert Solvent Surface Treatment
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Developed in the 1970s, conductive polymers initially generated a great deal of interest due to the possibility of replacing metal conductors in a wide variety of applications. Conductive polymers used as wires for integrated circuits could have a dramatic impact on manufacturing costs. Electrostatic discharge shields and electromagnetic interference shields for consumer products such as computer...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Constant Power Design Encryption Technology
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Electronic commerce, electronic banking and private networks cannot operate without a secure encryption technology. Many encryption algorithms have been developed and while secure against mathematical attacks are vulnerable to so called side-attacks. Side attacks can reveal the secret keys through information leaked by the hardware. Differential Power Analysis (DPA) is based on the fact that logi...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Crystallographically Oriented Particle Composites
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Particulate-based composite materials have heretofore been infused with particulates of random orientation. That is, the particulate does not form an organized pattern or structure. Lord and Sandlund (US patent 5,792,284) have produced particulate-based magnetorestrictive composites, wherein the particulates are aligned according to the magnetic field during processing. However, the particulates...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Curcumin as a Treatment for Pancreatitis
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Pancreatitis is a severe disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is typically caused by alcohol abuse or gallstones and most patients suffering from pancreatitis require hospitalization. No therapies are available to treat the illness; only palliative care is available. Current research has implicated the inflammatory response as playing a critical role in the development...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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DAX-1 Promoter: DNA Sequence Driving Adrenal Cortical Cell-Specific Expression
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Members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily are ligand-dependent or ligand-independent (orphan) transcription factors that modulate a large number of essential cellular processes. Ligands for ligand-dependent superfamily members include steroid hormones (e.g., estrogen, cortisol), steroid derivatives (e.g., hydroxy steroids), and non-steroids (retinoids). Nuclear hormone receptors are lo...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Determining the Components of Botanical Mixtures by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis (SCCP)
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Many botanicals have a long history of use and are touted as offering a variety of health benefits, including prevention and treatment of heart disease, cancer, stroke, and other disease conditions. It is estimated that more than 80 million people in the U.S. use some type of botanical nutritional supplement. The global market for botanical supplements exceeded $15 billion in 1999 and continues t...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Diagnostic Test for Proliferative Senescence in Immune Cells
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Aging is accompanied by a dramatic decline in immune functions involving both B and T cells. Clinical findings of increased morbidity and mortality following infections, higher incidences of cancer, and diminished antibody responses to specific vaccines are examples of immunologically-based medical problems of the elderly. However, despite a large body of research on the nature of these immunolo...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Differential power analysis resistant logic style
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Security chips leak information through power consumption, timing, and electro-magnetic radiation although they are secure against mathematical attacks. One of the most effective side channel attacks to the encryption ICs is the differential power analysis attack. In DPA, the attacker measures the power consumption of the chip while it encrypts and by doing a statistical analysis he can extract t...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Distributed Utility Optimization with Constrained Information and Communication
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Structural biology at the molecular level is critical to the understanding of protein function, but determining protein structure can be a labor- and time-intensive procedure. While the "gold standard" for structure determination is x-ray crystallography, many protein molecules, particularly integral membrane proteins, are extremely difficult to crystallize. Indeed, most integral membrane protein...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Driving Method for Organic Switching Devices
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Due to recent advances in materials technology, organic electronic devices are proven for applications as light emitting diodes, solar cells and active electronics devices. Compounds such as Cu-TCNQ, K-TCNQ and thin films containing fine participles of conductive materials embedded in low conductive organics have exhibited bistability. However, these materials have the problem of having only 2 li...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Droplet-Based On-Chip Sample Preparation For Mass Spectrometry
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Sample processing for mass spectrometry applications, such as matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is currently done manually, that is, with pipettes. Depending on the samples in preparation, this step can involve thousands of steps and days of work. Some cases of sample preparation can be done with droplet dispensing robots but the process is still time-consum...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Efficiency of Anti-PSMA Antibodies
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Over 200,000 new cases of prostate cancer are reported a year in the US alone. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been identified as a valuable biomarker for prostate cancer cells and is associated with cells from high-grade tumors and metastases and not normal prostate tissue. Antibodies against PSMA have shown high specificity for prostate cancer cells in vitro and have reduced prost...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Efficient Cache Miss Detection Techniques for High Performance Processors
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Memory caches are useful devices for improving the read/write times to and from main memory of a computer processor. However the size of caches are limited since access times increase with cache size and aggressive processors perform multiple accesses to the caches in a single cycle. Therefore designers cannot build arbitrarily large caches. This leads to multilevel caches. If processor trends an...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Efficient Translation from Edit Distance to Hamming Distance
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Many applications in bioinformatics and other data-intensive applications require computationally intensive algorithms for approximate string matching. Examples include text editors, internet search-engines and bioinformatics applications. For example, sequences of DNA or proteins are routinely searched against one another to determine biological similarity. The edit distance between two strings,...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Electrical Modulation and Active Mode Locking of a Silicon Raman Laser and Application to Mid-IR
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Silicon has many desirable properties that make it useful for optical and optoelectronic integration. Heretofore, silicon has been employed in passive optoelectronic components such as waveguides. An approach to realizing an active silicon Raman laser is documented in UCLA Case 2005-171. The next step in silicon Raman lasers is to control the modulation, switching and active mode locking of the l...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Electrochemically Fabricated Conductive Polymer Nanowire Sensors
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Several methods exist to produce nanowires for sensing. These involve carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires and polymerization of large arrays of oriented polyaniline nanowires. Current methods in using polymer nanostructures involve the use of carbon nanotubes onto which non-covalently attached receptors are applied. The issue with this approach is background noise, especially for solution-state s...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Electrode Modification Using Stacked Layer Structure for Polymer/Organic Electronic Devices
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Polymer or organic electronic devices are gaining greater commercial interest as displays, solar cells, sensors and many other combinations of these devices and applications.One way to improve the efficiency and lower the cost of plastic solar cells is to implement such devices is to create multiple-layered devices, or stacks, of polymeric and metallic thin films. For example, multiple polymer la...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Electronics Integrated with Bio-Reactor Channel For Detection or Fabrication of Bio-Materials
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Biosensors detect biological/chemical species with high selectivity on the basis of molecular recognition, rather than the physical properties of analytes. Many types of these biosensing devices have been developed in recent years, including enzyme electrodes, optical immunosensors, ligand-receptor amperometers, and evanescent-wave probes. Typical sensor-based methods for identifying biological a...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Electronics Integrated with Bio-Reactor Channel for Detection or Fabrication of Bio-Materials
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Biosensors detect biological/chemical species with high selectivity on the basis of molecular recognition, rather than the physical properties of analytes. Many types of these biosensing devices have been developed in recent years, including enzyme electrodes, optical immunosensors, ligand-receptor amperometers, and evanescent-wave probes. Typical sensor-based methods for identifying biological a...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Electrowetting-Driven Micropumping
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Current mechanical micropumping devices employ several types of piezoelectric, thermal, shape memory alloy, and electrostatic actuation mechanisms. Direct micropumping systems utilize principles such as electrophoresis, magnetohydrodynamics, and thermally induced surface tension as actuators. Another such direct micropumping system is electrowetting on dielectric film (EWOD), in which the surface...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Enantioseparation of Amino Acids Using a Chiral Recognition Polymer
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Enantioseparations are becoming increasingly important because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has declared if a drug is chiral, the biological effects of both enantiomers must be determined. Many procedures for resolutions of D, L-amino acids have been documented on an analytical scale. The limitations of these methods is generally the economic cost, in addition to the difficulty of being...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Fabrication of Polyaniline Nanofiber Dispersions and Films
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Polyaniline nanofibers are among the most useful of conducting polymers due to their environmental stability and simple acid-base doping/de-doping chemistry. These nanostructures exhibit superior conducting and photothermal effects. A problem in processing polyaniline nanofibers is aggregation. Strategies for preventing aggregation are to coat nanoparticles with foreign capping agents and/or add ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Free Text Medical Document Retrieval Via Phrase-based Vector Space Modeling
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Information retrieval are based VSM is based on a model whereby the document is a vector of index terms. Concepts have been proposed to replace word stems as the index terms to improve retrieval accuracy. However, past research revealed that such systems did not outperform stem-based systems. Knowledge sources should improve retrieval accuracy. But knowledge sources are based on word stems which ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Gastrointestinal Chemosensory Receptors and In Vitro Screening System for Screening of Associated Ligands
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Unfavorable gastrointestinal responses (vomiting, stomach) activated by binding of certain drugs (ligands) to their specific receptors in the lumenal tract affect patient compliance. These ligand-receptor interactions are also manifested by food components that regulate appetite and satiety and by drugs that enable normal digestive function. It is anticipated that as many as 100 different recepto...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Ge Quantum Dot Photodetector on Si for 1310 nm and 1550 nm Optical Receiver Applications
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High speed optical receivers widely use various III-V compounds, such GaAs and InGaAs on InP for photodetectors. Alternatively SiGe can be used but is limited to low Ge content due to the large lattice mismatch between the Si and Ge, which limits the thickness for a strained SiGe layer. The low Ge content limits the response wavelength. There are techniques to increase the amount of Ge, such as s...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Gene Mutation in Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (formerly called congestive cardiomyopathy is a syndrome characterized by cardiac enlargement and congestive heart failure. Although no etiology is definable the myocardial damage is produced by a combination of toxic, metabolic and infectious agents influenced by the genetics of the individual. Currently diagnosis depends solely on exclusion of other known caus...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Genetically Engineered Mouse Lacking Tumor Suppressor Gene in the Brain
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Mutation in the Pten tumor suppressor gene is associated with several human cancers and neurological abnormalities, such as enlarged brain (megacephaly), mental retardation, and malignant brain tumors. Inactivation of Pten in mouse models confirmed PTEN to be a bona fide tumor suppressor. However, since a null mutation of the gene leads to death during embryogenesis, there hasn't been a defined ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Genomic Screening with a Chemical Nuclease
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Scientists at UCLA have developed a method that allows for screening of genetic variability within a PCR amplified locus. By following a proprietary protocol, scientists will now be able to locate mutations within genes for a variety of scenarios: for detecting sequence changes of HIV mutants which generate drug resistance and for detecting sequence changes of genes in relation to cancer develop...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Gesture-Driven User Interface for Medical Image Viewing
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Conventional medical imaging workstations employ standard user-interface paradigms for interaction, including menu bars, tool palettes, keyboard strokes and specialized hardware devices. Use of such tools is distracting to the user and disruptive to the image viewing process. ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Globally Accessible Automated Testing Over the Internet
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Medical personnel and scientists find themselves faced with enormous problems when faced with a new epidemic or outbreak of disease. While most scientists have the fast computers and enormous databases necessary to analyze problems, many important research efforts in medicine and biology are limited by lack of data. This comes from an inability to carry out the vast number of experimental labora...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Globally Accessible Automated Testing Over the Internet
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Medical personnel and scientists find themselves faced with enormous problems when faced with a new epidemic or outbreak of disease. While most scientists have the fast computers and enormous databases necessary to analyze problems, many important research efforts in medicine and biology are limited by lack of data. This comes from an inability to carry out the vast number of experimental labora...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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GM-CSF and IL-4 Therapy for the In-Situ Expansion of Dendritic Cells and Enhancement of Vaccine-based Immunity
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Dendritic cells (DC) are a group of professional antigen presenting cells (APC) that provide a central stimulus for the generation of cell-mediated responses against foreign antigens. Dendritic cells are ubiquitously distributed throughout the body, where they pick up antigens, process them, and migrate to T-cell enriched areas of lymphoid tissue to activate corresponding antigen-specific T-cell...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Tangential Injection
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UCLA researchers have developed a novel device for improving the heat transfer to a fluid flowing in a tubular heat exchanger. This enhancement is achieved by placing an injection manifold on the inlet of each heat exchanger tube. The injector comprises a tubular cap with multiple passageways designed such that fluid leaving the passageways enters the heat exchanger tube along a line tangent to ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Helicon Plasma Source with Permanent Magnets
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Several industries, such as the semiconductor and packaging industries, commonly uses plasma generators in equipment designed for fabricating circuits with demanding precision requirements. Helicon sources have many industrial uses because of their superior efficiency in generating dense plasmas. However, these sources require a DC magnetic field, which increases the cost and complexity compared ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Hexagonal Nanoporous Ge Thru Surfactant Driven Self Organization of Zintl Clusters
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Surfactant templating is a method that has been successfully employed to produce complex periodic inorganic structures for a wide range of oxide-based material. These porous oxides are being explored for a range of applications that center around molecular size selection or the production of new optical materials. However, there are challenges to the production of non-oxide based semiconducting f...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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High Speed Self-Adjusting Clock Recovery Circuit with Frequency Detection
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Clock Extraction circuits are a critical component of electronic receivers in digital fiber optic communication. Clocks for broadband communication systems have generally been extracted using a bandpass filter, or a phase-locked loop (PLL). Filters require precision passive components, that are external to an integrated circuit chip and increase system size and cost. Such filters also produce a ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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High Speed Voltage-Controlled Oscillator with Quadrature Outputs
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Voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are a critical component of almost every digital communication system. VCOs with quadrature outputs are particularly important for circuits such as binary-phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) demodulators, quadricorrelator frequency discriminators, and high-speed clock-recovery circuits. High speed is an extremely important property in fully-integrated fiber-optic recei...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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High Surface Area Carbon Coating on Micro/Nano Three-dimensional Structures
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Carbon has found many applications in electrosynthesis and energy conversion systems. Due to its electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties, carbon electrodes have been extensively used in batteries and electrochemical sensors. In most of the current applications, the carbon layer is confined in the two-dimensional manner, with limited exposed area. To improve the performance of these carbon...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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High-Performance Polymer Photovoltaic Device
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Plastic solar cells have advantages over silicon-based solar cells. Since they are moldable and lightweight, they can be installed in a variety of shapes and hence deployed more widely than silicon based solar panels. Polymer photovoltaic panels can be manufactured in a low-cost continuous polymer coating process, which is less expensive than silicon-based production. The issue with plastic sola...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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High-Performance, Context-Free Parser for Polymorphic Malware Detection
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Many network based applications are vulnerable to malware such as computer viruses and worms. With the increasing sophistication of malware, new techniques are needed to prevent damage and intrusion of malware. Previous attempts to prevent network intrusions have been based on filtering incoming packets based on header information. However, these techniques cannot stop malware embedded in the pac...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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High-Speed, Area-Efficient, Reconfigurable Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Digital Filter
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This integrated circuit (IC) provides FIR digital filters and correlators that can be configured to meet any desired specification. A novel circuit design allows the user to program not only the tap-coefficient values and the impulse response length, but also to configure the manner in which the IC's hardware resources are allocated to the various taps. Thus the user of the IC is provided the ab...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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HIV Protein Moderates Telomerase
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Normal somatic cells are not immortal but rather reach a state of replicative senescence whereby they no longer divide. As they age, the terminal DNA repeats of their chromosomes become shorter with every cellular division, a phenomenon known as telomere shortening. Research has suggested that this reduction in DNA could result from a loss of telomerase activity, which catalyzes telomere elongat...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Hydrogen Production by a Novel Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycle
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Currently, hydrogen production is mainly based on steam reforming of methane gas or gasification of coal. These hydrogen production processes require methane, or other fossil fuels, as feedstock, create unwanted carbon dioxide as a process by-product, and require the use of capital and energy intensive separation unit operations to purify the hydrogen from undesirable by-products, such as carbon ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Immobilized Free Molecule Aerosol Reactor (IFMAR)
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The IFMAR technology involves a catalytic bed reactor that utilizes a novel support network structure to immobilize catalyst particles for use in a wide variety of automotive and industrial process applications including exhaust gas treatment, hepa filter technology, gas masks, fugitive gas leaks from valves and fittings, etc. The catalyst particles and support particles are formed together as a...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Immunoglobulin Superantigen Binding to GP120 from HIV
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The present invention is based upon the discovery that the HIV gp120 envelope glycoprotein is a superantigen for immunoglobulins (Ig). The scientific literature to date has focused exclusively on superantigens that associate with a substantial fraction (typically 1-10%) of T lymphocyte clones. Recent work at the UCLA School of Medicine has shown that certain immunoglobulin molecules also have a ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Improved Tuberculosis Vaccination Strategy Utilizing a Booster Protein for People Vaccinated with BCG
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Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's most important infectious diseases. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death of any infectious agent. Each year, approximately 8 million people develop active pulmonary TB and two million die from this disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared TB a global health emergency, the first disease so desig...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Intelligent Response-Dependent Stimulation of Cells for Basic Research and Drug Discovery Applications
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Sophisticated systems in nature, such as cells, tissues, and organs in the human body, are capable of responding intelligently to external stimuli. Such sophisticated responses involve the complex interplay of multiple variables comprising external stimuli and internal factors. This interplay can involve synergistic and antagonistic relationship amongst multiple variables. Therefore, it is very d...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Interference Lithography by Using Resonant Surface Plasmons
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Nanolithography has numerous potential applications in nanotechnology. Conventional optical lithography cannot work at the nanoscale due to the diffraction nature of light. The current state of the art is to use X-ray, E-beam, or focused ion beam lithography. To etch line widths of widths narrower that the working wavelength of frequency λ, two interfering laser beams can be used. Unfortun...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Live Recombinant Tuberculosis Vaccine
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Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's most important infectious diseases. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death of any infectious agent. Each year, approximately 8 million people develop active pulmonary TB and 2 million die from this disease. The World Health Organization has declared TB a global health emergency, the first disease so designated. ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Liver X Receptor (LXR) Ligands as Treatments for Type II Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders
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The control of lipid and glucose metabolism are closely linked. In the fed state, insulin stimulates peripheral glucose uptake, suppresses hepatic glucose production, and stimulates de novo lipogenesis. In type II diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity and related disorders, however, these actions of insulin action are impaired. The short-term and long-term effects of the resulting elevated blood...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Low Temperature Deposition of Smooth, Nonfaceted, Optically Transparent Diamond Films
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A well developed process is available for depositing diamond films by the evaporation of carbon in a hydrogen and argon plasma to generate gas phase precursors that condense on various substrates to produce high quality diamond films. Various plasma excitation geometries have been investigated as an extension of this process. By a suitable adjustment of the plasma parameters, such as electron de...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Low-Temperature Conduction-Cooling of a High-Temperature Superconducting Cable
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The utility industry is poised for growth with an ever increasing global demand for electricity. With an estimated 80,000 miles of underground cable throughout the world, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables can potentially provide an enormous benefit to the utility industry and their customers. High-temperature superconducting cables provide striking economic and system benefits over co...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Materials for Identifying and Assessing Prostate Cancer Therapies
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Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States. Treatment of the disease typically involves the use of testosterone-lowering drugs and competitive androgen receptor (AR) antagonists. While these approaches are effective at blocking tumor growth for a brief period of time they eventually give rise to hormone refractory (HR) drug resistance, a fatal stag...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Medium Formula for Inducing Neural Stem Cells into Oligodendrocytes (OL)
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Oligodendrocytes are cells that produce and maintain myelin, the membrane that coats axons as an electric insulator to allow the proper electric impulse conduction. Dysfunctions of oligodendrocytes lead to myelin loss with consequent clinical implications such as multiple sclerosis. Thus, cultures of OL are an excellent tool to study the biochemical, cellular and molecular mechanisms of gene reg...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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MEMS-enabled Reconfigurable Frequency Selective Surfaces Using Tilted Elements
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Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) are periodic structures that can provide frequency filtering of incoming electromagnetic waves. Typically the periodic structures are designed with in-plane structures and modify the frequency response by changing the FSS' active area. Switching elements into or out of the array can modify the active area. Another technique is to modify the coupling capacitance ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method and Apparatus for Clamping
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Clamping mechanisms are used for a variety of purposes, such as linear motors. One common clamping design involves interlocking surface teeth. Surface teeth can support large lateral forces, but step size is limited by the distance between two teeth, or pitch. Although microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology is helpful, teeth spacing is still limited for high precision applications. What ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method and Composition for Treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma
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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal neoplasm that frequently causes significant morbidity and even mortality in individuals infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This invention discloses a method for blocking the growth of KS cells by inhibiting the action of their primary growth factor, which has been identified as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Data indicate that several compounds tha...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method and Composition for Treatment of Kaposi's Sarcoma
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Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a multifocal neoplasm that frequently causes significant morbidity and even mortality in individuals infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This invention discloses a method for blocking the growth of KS cells by inhibiting the action of their primary growth factor, which has been identified as interleukin-6 (IL-6). Data indicate that several compounds tha...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method and Device for Treating Intracranial Vascular Aneurysms
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Strokes are the most common life-threatening neurological disease, and are the third leading cause of death in developed countries after heart disease and cancer. Approximately 6-8 percent of all strokes results from non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, a condition where blood leaks from the cerebral vasculature into the subarachnoid space. About 8 percent of subarachnoid hemorrhages result fr...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method for Treating Dermatologic Diseases by Modulating LIR-7
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Considerable effort is devoted to finding more effective therapies for the treatment of dermatologic diseases. Generating much optimism for the development of new therapies is the field of immune response modifiers. The past decade has seen major advances in understanding how a complex network of cell surface interactions controls the immune system cellular activity and associated signaling proce...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method of Recording Electroencephalographic Signals Simultaneously with Functional MRI
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Electroencephalograms (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) are state of the art tools in diagnosing human brain functions and disorders. These tools are widely used for such disorders as epilepsy and sleep disorders. It would be useful to identify the locus of brain activity using both EEG and fMRI simultaneously. However, this is not possible with current tools. EEG signals are difficult to detect in...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method of Recording Electroencephalographic Signals Simultaneously with Functional MRI
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Electroencephalograms (EEG) and functional MRI (fMRI) are state of the art tools in diagnosing human brain functions and disorders. These tools are widely used for such disorders as epilepsy and sleep disorders. It would be useful to identify the locus of brain activity using both EEG and fMRI simultaneously. However, this is not possible with current tools. EEG signals are difficult to detect in...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Method to Manufacture Structures and Devices in Carbon Nanotubes
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Carbon nanotubes exhibit attractive properties that have potential applications in numerous scientific and engineering applications. However, the limitations of current fabrication methods have hindered the progress towards more complicated structures, thereby curbing the attractive mechanical and electrical properties of nanotubes. UCLA scientists have proposed a novel method of direct manufactu...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) Filters for Radio Frequency (RF) Signal Processing
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Micro-mechanical resonators have been demonstrated using IC-compatible, poly-silicon surface-micromachining technology. These resonators are high quality and offer frequencies in the kHz-150MHz range. Unfortunately, micro-mechanical resonators cannot operate in the GHz range, which is necessary for deployment in cellular systems. A general approach to increasing the central frequencies of resonat...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Microencapsulation for Controlled Ingredient Delivery
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Micro-encapsulation is commonly used as a means of encapsulating active components that can be volatile, reactive, or are simply more effectively used as timed-release materials. This method allows materials to reach otherwise inaccessible locations. However, existing capsule fabrication techniques are complicated, lack satisfactory control in release kinetics, and require high temperatures and p...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Micromachined Magnetic Actuators
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This group of microactuators represents a new class of surface and bulk micromachined electromagnetic and magnetic actuators that have a variety of Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) applications. These microactuators have an out-of-plane rectangulor "flap" configuration with cantilever beams that are bent by magnetic force deflection of either an electromagnetic coil or a permalloy (e.g. 5...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Micromachined Thermal Shear-Stress Sensor
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A new type of miniaturized silicon hot-wire thermal shear-stress sensor has been developed that can be consistently mass produced as single units or in arrays for high spatial resolution 2-D flow field monitoring. Due to the relatively effective thermal insulation of the hot-wire from its support structures, these sensors have an unprecedented shear-stress sensitivity of 15V/kPa under constant c...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Micropumping of Liquids by Directional Growth and Selective Venting of Bubbles
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Micropumps are a critical element of microfluidics. Pumps are required to move small quantities of liquid in a controlled, energy efficient manner. Three categories of micropumps are known. These are mechanical micropumps, electrohydrodynamic micropumps and valveless bubble driven micropumps. Of the 3, the valveless bubble micropump is preferred, to date. The mechanical pump is complex, since it ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Microspray Cooling of Chips
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Semiconductor integrated circuits produce heat that must be dissipated to the environment. That's why computers have heat sinks and fans. However, chips having considerably different heat-producing characteristics are used in other applications such as RF power amplification and electric vehicles. These applications produce significant cooling challenges in terms of either heat density (Watts pe...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Microstress Measurement Machine
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For quality control and reliability analysis in semiconductor device development, it is crucial to assess the residual stress in the devices due to wafer processing such as vacuum deposition (sputtering, e-beam evaporation, etc), plating, etching and thermal treatment. In particular, the residual stress, which is closely related to material property and device processing procedures, is one of th...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Monolithic Balanced Downconverting Optoelectronic Receiver
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Currently, microwave mixers perform downconversion for remote applications such as antenna remoting. Photonic downconversion provides a means to reduce the complexity of receiver stations. However current photonic solutions often require two fibers which must be equalized to maintain phase matching and multiple discrete well-tuned photodiodes to maintain amplitude matching. Matching phase and amp...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Monolithic Optical Injection-Locked Semiconductor Laser
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The simplicity of directly modulated semiconductor lasers is attractive in analog fiber-optic applications such as cable television (CATV) distribution systems, antenna remoting in cellular networks, and high-bit rate (40 Gbit/s) very-short-reach optical links. However, the performance of fiber-optic systems is limited by the non-linearity and low modulation bandwidth of semiconductor lasers. To ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Multi-ten Gbps Throughput Advanced Encryption Standard Processor
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Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is the most recent secret-key encryption standard which is accepted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and is used in different security applications. High throughput data encryption is essential in the networking applications that require secure data transmission at over 20 Gbps throughput rate, e.g. optical networks. For example, in ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Multifunctional Organic Thin Film Prepared by Single Source Evaporation
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Organic thin films are utilized in various electronic and photonic devices, such as optical detectors or solar cells. These materials are multi-layered. Each layer consists of a host material and a dopant. The host material, the dopant and the amount of dopant are selected according to the application properties desired of that layer. The host material and the dopant within each layer are combine...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Multiple Reaction Biosensors
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The sol-gel method has previously been used to encapsulate a biologically active molecule, such as an enzyme, in a porous, silica-based glass. Diffusion of a substrate into the glass enables these silica micro-machines to catalyze biologically important reactions under various conditions that can be measured spectroscopically. However, the state of the art has been limited to biosensors that cont...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Multiview Stereo Beyond Lambert
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The traditional approach to multi-view stereo consists of defining a measure of te discrepancy among corresponding point in different views. This is done often by computing the normalized cross correlation among a set of feature points in each view, followed by statistical validation.Scenes with strong specularities or made of translucent materials with no distinct point features are a challenge ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Murine PTEN Null Prostate Cancer Model
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In the western world, prostate cancer remains the most common malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The Pten gene (phosphotase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) has been well characterized as a tumor suppressor gene, and its malfunction/deletion has been linked to numerous cancer types, including prostate. Mutations or deletions of Pten have been f...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Mutations in Ataxia-Telangiectasia Gene
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Ataxia-telangiestasia (A-T) is a rare genetic disease that presents in early childhood and progresses to various neurodegenerative disorders. The clinical symptomatology of A-T is primarily characterized by a degenerative state of the brain known as cerebellar ataxia and the subsequent formation of spider-like veins in the corners of the eye referred to telangiectases. Further manifestations of ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Myeloperoxidase-Deficient Mouse
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The Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme aids in the defensive properties of phagocytic cells of the human immune response. Prevalent in neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, MPO generates a variety of oxidative processes which aid in the defensive mechanism of the host. Due to the fact that these cells are usually the primary responders to a diseased state, their defensive enzymes are often non-specif...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Na-K-ATPase Inhibiting Natriuretic Substances
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Blood pressure is a function of the total volume of blood and the resistance to its flow through the circulatory system, which in turn is determined by the degree of constriction of small blood vessels called arterioles. Hypertension, characterized by an abnormally high arterial blood pressure relative to normal blood pressure, is a frequent and dangerous pathological condition that affects a lar...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Nanoelectronic Devices Based On Nanowire Networks
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Current, mature semiconductor technologies allow for altering of electrical conducting properties through doping. While state of the art techniques allow for precise doping, manufacturing requires large, expensive capital equipment, and resultant semiconductors are quite rigid and sensitive to defects. Previous attempts at creating nanowires have proved difficult, as doping and controlling their ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Nanoscale Electromolecular Lithography (NEL)
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Current lithographic solution face difficult challenges as features sizes are reduced to nanoscale dimensions. A current approach is to use imprints and molds. However, yield and defect problems occur from the interaction between the old and the polymer resist during this process. Dip pen nanolithography is limited by the tip diameter, the width of the meniscus and the submicron scale of the prob...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Natural Killer Enhancing Factor
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Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphocytes believed to play a role in the surveillance of tumor growth and metastasis and in the regulation of hematopoiesis. A new factor has been identified that mediates an enhancing effect on NK function. Natural Killer Enhancing Factor, or NKEF, increases the cytotoxic activity of NK cells in in vitro assays, indicating that this product may be...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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NELL-1 Protein With Activity In Bone Formation
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NELL-1, a secreted protein over-expressed in the premature suture fusion sites of patients with craniosynostosis (CS), had been shown by UCLA Researchers to exhibit osteoblast differentiation and bone formation induction activity more potent than that of BMP. The human Nell-1 gene is primarily localized in the mesenchymal and osteoblast cells at the osteogenic front, along the parasutural bone m...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Nell-2 Function and Production of Nell 1 & 2 Proteins
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Researchers at UCLA had previously identified the NELL-1 protein and characterized its osteogenic activity. They recently isolated a new protein, NELL-2, which shares sequence homology to NELL-1 and investigated its function. Neuronal survival activity assay performed on rat cortical neurons treated with NELL2 showed that NELL-2 induces neuronal survival at a level similar to that of basic fibro...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Neuro-Endovascular Ultrasound Thrombolysis
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Stroke is the most common life-threatening neurologic disease and is the leading cause of death in the United States, after heart disease and cancer. Among the current U.S. population, some 11 million people have or will have brain aneurysms, which constitute the main cause of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke is defined as the acute brain injury resulting from compromised cerebral b...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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New Coding Techniques for Improved Image Compression
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Image compression algorithms such as JPEG and MPEG involve several basic steps including a mathematical transformation of the data, an approximation step, and a further, lossless compression of the lost of numbers produced in this approximation. It is this final step that has been targeted under this invention. The list of numbers produced by the approximation step typically contains many zeros,...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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New Treatment Strategy for Gamma-herpes Virus Associated Malignancies Using Inhibitors of the NF-KB Pathway
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), B cell lymphoma, T cell lymphoma, natural killer cell lymphoma, gastric carcinoma, Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) and certain lymphoproliferative disorders are associated with the patient's prior infections with a herpes virus (Epstein Barr Virus, EBV or Kaposis sarcoma associated herpesvirus, KSHV). These viruses are characterized by their ability to enter a latent phase ...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Noncovalent Side-Wall Functionalization of Nanotubes
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SWNTs, despite their useful potential, have not been integrated into applications, in part because of the lack of controlled solubility in solvents. Covalent functionalization of the sidewalls for the SWNTs provides soluble samples but at the cost of damaging the sidewalls, thereby diminishing the mechanical and electronic properties of the SWNT....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Novel Gene Therapy for AIDS Using Mutated tRNAs
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A mutant tRNA has been developed for use against HIV-1 integration. Studies indicate that this novel tRNA selectively interrupts viral integration into the genome by targeting key steps in this pathway. Most other contemplated therapeutic approaches act after the virus has integrated into the host cell's DNA and may be less effective once infection is established. A therapeutic strategy would en...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Novel Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Target in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma
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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a form of kidney cancer that involves malignant transformation of cells of the renal tube. It is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. In the United States more than 32,000 new cases of RCC are diagnosed every year, and approximately 12,000 people die from the disease annually. RCC metastasizes easily, often spreading to the lungs and other organs. In case...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Novel Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-Based Prostate Cancer Therapy
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Prostate cancer accounted for over 30,000 deaths in 2004, and 230,000 new cases are detected a year in the United States alone. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells versus normal prostate tissue, has been an attractive marker for the development of PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Monoclonal antibodies against PSM...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Novel Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-Based Prostate Cancer Therapy
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Prostate cancer accounted for over 30,000 deaths in 2004, and 230,000 new cases are detected a year in the United States alone. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is highly expressed in prostate cancer cells versus normal prostate tissue, has been an attractive marker for the development of PSMA-targeted prostate cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Monoclonal antibodies against PSM...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Novel Signaling Molecule Utilized By S. Mutans for Bio-film Formation and Quorum Sensing
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Dental caries is one of the most widespread and costly diseases affecting western and developing countries. Caries arise from acid produced naturally during bacterial metabolism, primarily from oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. When adherent to the tooth surface in an organized multi-bacterial architectural framework known as biofilm (commonly called "dental plaque"), S. mutans produce large am...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Organic Compounds for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction
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The cellular destruction that accompanies myocardial ischemia, infarction and reperfusion is thought to be related in large part to intracellular overload of calcium. Uncontrolled Ca++ influx, which is thought to occur through "calcium leak channels," leads to progressive metabolic and functional failure of cells, and eventually to cell death. Investigators at UCLA have uncovered a class of comp...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Organic Solar Cells Based On Triplet Materials
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Organic electronic devices are gaining greater commercial interest as solar cells. Power conversion efficiencies are dependent on 3 factors: light absorption, exciton dissociation and charge collection. To gain high power conversion efficiency, organic layers should be thick enough to ensure high light absorption. Current organic layers used in photovoltaic (PV) devices are too thin to provide hi...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Organic Thin Film Memory Device
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Due to recent advances in materials technology, organic electronic devices are proven for applications such as light emitting diodes, solar cells and active electronics devices. This invention extends prior work (UCLA Case 2003-262) regarding electrical bistability of organic thin films for nonvolatile memory applications....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Organic Thin Film Transistor with Metal Oxide/Metal Bilayer Electrode
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A large number of studies have focused on improving the properties of organic semiconductors. However, the contact between the electrodes and the active layer, which is important for device performance, has not received much attention. What we propose is an interface layer between the electrode and the active layer using transition metal oxides....
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Page Quality: In Search of Unbiased Page Ranking
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This study is motivated by the question of how are pages displayed in response to Web searches, primarily on Google? Web sites returned at the top of the list in Google searches have greater commercial appeal. How do web results get to the top of the list?Google takes into account over 100 factors in determining the final ranking of a page. The core of their ranking algorithm is based on a metric...
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University of California, Los Angeles
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Pattern Decomposition Algorithm for Data Mining of Frequent Patters
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A fundamental problem in data mining is finding frequent patterns in large datasets. This problem is even worse in datasets containing highly frequent, yet often meaningful patters (e.g., free text). Finding frequent patterns enables essential data mining tasks, such as discovering association relationships, determining correlations between data, and finding sequential patterns.Several different ...
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